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settle upon every intellect ; and the horrifying tale of Kasper 

 Hauser would form, to a great extent, the historical records of 

 our species ? 



"Yet Mr. Locke, and, following in his train, Dr. Keid, 

 Dugald Stewart, and others, gravely wonder that the inferior 

 animals show no signs of language. They judge from a 

 standard totally wrong ; they appeal to a set of creatures in a 

 state that is purely and painfully artificial. Yet mark this 

 very horse that seems to know only the whip and the stable, 

 and this poor persecuted ass, that hardly knows even its 

 'master's crib/ when free with their fellows in the extended 

 pastures. They show that they have that within them, im- 

 planted by the hand of their great Creator, which rises above 

 the controul of man, and demands respect. Among the 

 mountains of Chili, and in the extensive plains of Brazil, the 

 horses, aye, and even the asses of the Spanish settlers have 

 established a progeny that ought to give a new tarn to the 

 natural history of their species. Associating in vast multi- 

 tudes, they have established symbols of communication with 

 each other ; they march in due order, rank and file, with 

 greater regularity than the best trained military troop ; they 

 mount guard in peace as well as in war ; they have officers to 

 command them, to whom they yield implicit obedience ; they 

 have a regular system of tactics, according to which they 

 invariably fight ; and all offenders against their code of dis- 

 cipline are regularly punished, 



" Wherever we find gregarious animals, we generally find 

 the division of labour ; a principle which, as Dr. Adam Smith 

 observes, can only exist where there is an extensive demand. 

 For example, the horses mount guard in turn ; the wild geese 

 lead in turn, and thus each combats an ecnxal portion of re- 

 sisting atmosphere ; the beavers have their carpenters, masons, 

 plasterers, their hewers of wood and their drawers of water; the 

 male and female birds sit upon the eggs in turn ; the bees 

 gather honey, or build the cell, or lay the eggs, according to 



