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tacea, of so little importance is the loss of a leg, that a 

 lobster will throw off its claws if alarmed by the report of a 

 cannon/ 



" At another place, when speaking of the star-fish, he says : 

 ' we have frecpiently examined these creatures in a living state, 

 when, with their feet fully developed, they were crawling upon 

 the side of the vessel in which they were confined, and have with 

 scissors cut off successive portions of the dorsal covering of 

 the body, so as to expose the visceral cavity ; but so far from 

 the rest of the animal appearing to be conscious of the muti- 

 lation, not the slightest evidence of suffering was visible, the 

 suckers placed beneath the injured part were retracted, but 

 all the rest, even in the same ray, still continued their action 

 as though perfectly devoid of participation in any suffering 

 caused by the injury inflicted/ 



"Mr. Bow ell, in a recent paper upon this subject, in which 

 he advocates a far greater immunity from pain in animals 

 than even I am disposed to admit, remarks — ' I have seen a 

 wasp eat a fly almost immediately after a portion of its own 

 abdomen has been cut off, and a cockchafer feeding upon a 

 hedge after its body had been emptied of its viscera, probably 

 by some bird.' 



" It has been stated, but I think on doubtful authority, that 

 a leech will go on sucking, even though half its body be cut 

 off ; and that in this manner they will go on drinking blood, 

 like Baron Munchausen's horse did water, allowing it to pass 

 through the one end as fast as it came in at the other. 



" Though we have hitherto considered the invertebrata as 

 being the only animals who enjoy an immunity from pain, it 

 must be admitted, that some of the lower vertebrata exhibit 

 great proofs of having a similar privilege. 



" Fishes rarely seem to feel acutely, and make greater efforts 

 to escape being taken, than to avoid torture. A pike, for 

 example, in his efforts to break away from the line which keeps 

 him up, will tear his maw or stomach out ; and the salmon 



