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namely, his " Treatise ou Human Nature," published in 1630, and his 

 "Leviathan," published in 1631. Every thing of importance in the 

 former treatise is repeated in the " Leviathan," where his views are 

 re-stated with greater fulness, precision, and clearness. To this work, 

 therefore, we will principally confine ourselves. 



Before entering upon an examination of the doctrines of the 

 "Leviathan," it may be useful to give a short account of its history. 

 Hobbes, as I have already had occasion to observe, had been mathe- 

 matical tutor to Charles If. ; and from his consequent connection with the 

 Royalists, he found himself at the commencement of the Protectorate 

 an exile in France. It was during his residence there that he wrote 

 the " Leviathan," which was printed and published in Euglaud, the 

 sheets being sent to him at Paris to correct. With respect to the 

 secondary motives, which may, in part at least, have influenced him 

 in promulgating the political opinions advanced in that book, 

 precisely at this time, Clarendon, in one of his smaller and less known 

 treatises,- tells a curious story. After relating a conversation held 

 with Hobbes in Paris, when both vrere exiles, be says, " Upon which I 

 asked him why he would publish such doctrine ; to which, after a 

 discourse between jest and eai'nest upon the subject, he said, ' The 

 truth is, I have a mind to go home." "f And although (as I have 

 before observed) many of the fundamental principles of the " Leviathan" 

 had been already published in his work on " Human Natui-e;" yet there 

 seems little reason to doubt that this home-sickness of Hobbes had its 

 share in leading him to the conclusion he there arrives at — that who- 

 ever could best protect him had the strongest claim to his allegiance. 

 His wish to return to his countiy was soon gratified, for he was com- 

 pelled to fly from Pai'is, and escaped to England, whei'e Cromwell, 

 pleased to have such an able vindicator of his usurpation, suffered him 

 to remain undisturbed. 



Thus we see that that system of Materialism which has already pro- 

 duced the Sensualism of Locke, J the Scepticism of Hume and Voltaii'e, 



* The title of tliis pamphlet is " .-V brief View and Survey of the dangerous and pernicious 

 Errors to Church and State in Mr. Hobbes's Book entitled ' Leviathan.'" Its object is to 

 show that Hobbes's principles are in direct opposition to the doctrines of the church. 



+ Clarendon tells us, in the same little treatise, that Hnbbes " Presented his book, 

 engi'ossed in vellum in a marvellous fair hand, to the king." Charles, however, being 

 persuaded that it contained principles subversive of both religion and lovaltj, withdrew his 

 favour from ibe philosopher and forbade him his presence. Clarendon also gives us the history 

 of the " Dedication to Francis Godolphin," which was in consequence of Sidney Godolphin, 

 in admiration of his great parts, having left Hobbes a legacy of i'SOO. 



{ By Sensualism here I mean the system which reduces all Knowledge and Truth to the 

 perceptions of Sense, i.e. to Observation and Experience. 



