other names from trades — Masous aud Millers, Bakers and Butchers, 

 Carters and Wagners, Tylers, Slaters, aud Hilliers, Coopers and Cart- 

 wrights, Shepherds aud Sadlers, Naylors and Taylors, Turners, Col- 

 liers, Dyers, Potters, Stewards, and many others at first sight not so 

 obvious. Thus Latimer was a writer of Latin, Chapman {i.e. cheap 

 man) a pedlar, Lavender, aud its contraction Landor, a washerman, 

 Thacker a thatcher. Barker a tanuer, Ai'kwright a maker of meal 

 chests, Tupman a breeder of rams, Jenner a joiner, Milner a miller, 

 Baxter a baker, Webb and Webster a weaver, Forster a forester, 

 Brewster a brewer, Kempster and Comber a wool comber, Sangster a 

 singer, Eaper a roper, Chalmers a chamberlain, Landseer a land sur- 

 veyor, Burder a fowler. Trotter a running footman. To these we may 

 add a numerous class ending in "ward," equivalent to our "guard," as 

 Kenward the dog-keeper, Durward the door-keeper (equivalent to 

 Drouyn de Lhuys), Woodward the forest-keeper, Aylward the ale-keeper, 

 Coward the cow-keeper. 



Names of this description ai'e not only common among our historical 

 characters, such as Wat Tyler, or Walter the tyler, and Jack Cade,=^- or 

 John the cask maker. Many of the names also of our royal and 

 titled families take their rise from the occupation of their forefathers. 

 Thus the name of Stuart, bonie for centuries by the royal families of 

 England and Scotland, descended to them from Walter, grandson of 

 Banquo, who, upwards of 700 years ago, in the reign of David I., was 

 Steward of Scotland. This office of Steward was then hereditary, and 

 descended from father to son for several generations, till it came to 

 Robert the Steward, who eventually became king, and was the first 

 Scottish king of that name. Spenser was Le Dispenser, i.e. the dis- 

 penser or steward ; and the ancestor of the family Spenser, Duke of 

 Marlborough, was Stewai'd of William the Conqueror. So too, the first 

 of the Grosvenor family was " le gros veueur," or the great huntsman 

 to the Dukes of Normandy. Napier again (in connection with which 

 name a well-known story has been invented deriving it from na-pier, i.e. 

 no peer), was originally the hander of the " napery" (as table linen was 

 then called), to the king, one part of whose duty it was to give over the 

 old linen to the kings almoner for distribution among the poor. Such 

 names as Chamberlain, Coke, Howard, Constable, and Webster, might 

 afford us further instances. 



Sometimes we find the occupations or professions which give rise to 



• Cade (Lat. Cadus), in old times meant a ' cask." — See Shakespeare, Henry VI 2, P. 

 Cade — We, John Cade, so termed our supposed father. 

 « But. — Or rather of stealing a cade of herrings. 



