39 



The Parish of Leigh iu Lancashire includes Westleigh, Astley, and 

 Tyldesley, which I should suppose to have been the most cultivated part 

 of the parish, the tilled land. Other common terminations of this class 

 of names are Moor, Stoke, Combe, and Holm ; and some of these local 

 names add "man" to the locality, which they designate as Moor-man, 

 Marsh-man, Pit-man, &c. 



The three classes we have already treated of comprise most of the 

 surnames in use among us. There are, however, a considerable number 

 which cannot be included wdthin these limits, or about which there is 

 a difficulty of determining to what class they actually belong. 



Such are those which are derived from titles, or are in any way his- 

 torical. A great proportion of these might have been included in the 

 first class, which we have already discussed. They are however, on 

 the whole, important enough to deserve a separate notice. 



It would be curious to trace out the number of these which signify 

 " lung" or " ruler." In all nations some such name has been common, 

 especially among members of the ruling family. Pharaoh, a usual 

 name of the Kings of Egypt ; Candace, of the Queens of Ethiopia ; 

 Darius, of the Monarchs of Persia ; and Caesar, of the Roman Emperors ; 

 all signify Piajah, Czar,-- or ruler. In addition to these, we have from 

 the Hebrew, Melchior and Malchus ; from the Greek, Archias, Arche- 

 laus and Basil ; from the Latin Rex and Regulus ; the Gallic Brennus, 

 which is connected with the Welsh " Brenin," a sovereign, (in the 

 language of Bretagne we meet with the same word under the form 

 Brens) ; and of more modern names, Le-roi, KcEnig, Charles, (which is 

 generally derived from the Anglo-Saxon " Ceorl," a churl or country- 

 man, but more probably connected with the Sclavonic "korol' or "krol," 

 a king, — itself allied to the root C'r, head, which we find in the terms 

 cor-nu, corona, ennis, cranium, cer-ebrum, &c.) King, Prince ; besides 

 many others drawn from inferior titles, as Duke, Earl, Marquis, Baron, 

 Lord, Knight, Squire, Reeve, &c.; and some from ecclesiastical offices, 

 such as Bishop, Priest, Deacon, Parson, Friar, Monk, Vicar, Dean, 

 Abbot, Cardinal, and even Pojie. 



The origin of many of these is of course involved in uncertainty. 

 Doubtless they were in the first instance either hond fide titles or 

 Christian names. As an illustration of Christian names of this kind, I 



• It lias been aUerapted to derive the Russian " Czar," as well as the German " Kaiser," 

 from the Latin Cassar, itself said to ha derived from coisaries, the hair (corap. Crispiis and 

 Cincinnatus). The word Czar, however, is far more probably allied to the Sclavonic 

 tsjcsar rex — .SVe Poll. Persorien Namen, page 22. 



