W. YOUNGMAN 147 
The year 1913-14 is perhaps the fairest average year to take for indication 
as to the movement of the grain for two reasons—it represents a year 
uninfluenced by war, and we may assume that the barley was more likely to 
be wanted for malting purposes then than in later years when there were 
restrictions as to brewing and greater demand for barley for both human and 
cattle food. For the latter purpose be the germination bad or good it is 
immaterial, 
The statistics show plainly that much the greatest amount is exported 
in the month of July. Indeed in this month alone normally some one- 
third of the total yearly export leaves our Indian ports. This is no 
doubt the climax of an attempt on the part of the exporter to avoid the 
monsoon. 
- Practically the whole of the exports go to the United Kingdom. 
Particular attention may be called to the large amount that is moved toward 
Calcutta (Bengal, in Table II) for export inthe months of June, July, August, 
and September. As we shall show later, the region of Bengal and the Bay of 
Bengal during these months is a danger zone for barley. Barley subjected 
for some 3-4 weeks to the conditions prevailing in this region is bound to 
have its germination percentage considerably reduced. 
The explanation of the poor germination suggested by the Referees on 
cereals to the Imperial Institute was that it seemed possible that the injury 
to the barley happened to that which failed to get railed and shipped before 
the monsoon set in a d consequently was stored in the cultivators’ pits and 
huts, the serious effect being due to the humidity and warmth of the rainy 
season followed by a subsequent drying before the barley reached England. 
It was thought that the grain situated close to the wall of the pit suffered 
whilst that in the centre escaped. Subsequent experiment, as we shall show, 
demonstrates the effect to be due to the humidity, but there are other points 
of interest not suspected previously. The 10-20 per cent. that fails to 
germinate though is probably not due to its being the amount that is situated 
on the outside of the store. Observation makes us think that it is very doubt/ul 
whether any portion of the exported barley has ever been stored in any 
efficient way in the grain dealer’s storehouse. The methods usually employed 
afford little or no protection from atmospheric conditions. The cultivator 
as a rule stores only the grain required for food and seed purposes and sells 
off his surplus stock at harvest time. 
The small quantities of grain retained by the cultivators for seed and 
domestic use are usually stored in mud urns. In North-East India the 
cultivator’s seed rate for barley as for many other crops is known to be high. 
