PARNELL, AYYANGAR, RAMIAH, AND AYYANGAR 197 
Since this connection was first noted it has been found to occur con- 
stantly in all families segregating for G, irrespective of whether the character 
concerned was dark gold. dark furrows, or both together. In some of the 
families of which results have been recorded it appears that other factors 
also have been concerned in the determination of size and, to some extent, 
shape. Thus the measurements of different families of the same original 
cross show distinct variations. Conditions of growth undoubtedly affect the 
size of grain, and possibly also the shape to some extent. This increases 
the difficulties met with in dealing with such characters ; thus one season’s 
measurements cannot be compared directly with those of another. Some of 
the differences met with, however, are too large and too various to admit of 
this as the whole explanation. 
This will be seen from Table IX where the results are given of six families, 
all from the same original cross and splitting in the same manner. They were 
grown side by side under uniform treatment. The average length and 
breadth of grain is given for each group, together with the value L/B. It will 
be seen that the variation irom family to family is considerable, though 
the usual connection between Gand shape still holds for any one family. 
TABLE IX. 
TP a aa eT a a 
Dark furrows Medium furrows | Ripening furrows 
GG Gg gg 
Ref. No. 
L B L'B L. B G/B. | Ls B. L/B. 
$$ FE — | ——— 
2223 N.. 8-4 3°0 2°8 85 2°9 3°0 8°9 2°6 3°74 
2225 N .. 8:2 2°8 2°9 8-4 2°7 Sorte i) 85 2°4 3°5 
2229 N..| 8-4 29 2°9 8-6 28 | 31 |! 9-0 255 3°6 
2230 N .. 8°5 29 2:9 8°7 2°7 3°2 O72) iF 42 3°7 
2236 N.. S709" 52-6 3°3 8°8 2°6 3°4 SOR ie oe) 42 
2241 N .. 8-4 2°6 are 8:4 25 3°4 | 8°5 2-3 3:7 
N.B. Measurements are in millimetres. 
Several crosses between pure types have now been made for further 
exact work. One of these, No. 2584, dark gold x ripening gold, has given the 
results shown in Table X. For the parents and F, 100 grains each were 
measured ; in F, 10 grains were measured for each of 100 plants in each group. 
The table shows the range of variation in length, breadth and length + breadth 
of each group in F,, together with he averages. 
