154 MINNESOTA. STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



A strong-er mixture is sotnetitnes made by using three or four 

 times the quantities of copper sulphate and lime above specified. 



Cautions: Do not use air-slaked lime, and do not slake the lime 

 in large quantities and allow to stand before using. Do not mix 

 the copper sulphate solution and lime water before cooling by the 

 addition of water, as above directed. 



Copper-arsenic solution. 

 Copper carbonate, 6 ounces. 

 Paris green, 4 ounces. 

 Ammonia, 2 quarts. 

 Lime water, 50 gallons. 

 The copper carbonate and Paris green may be mixed and dis- 

 solved in the ammonia (more or less ammonia will be required ac- 

 cording to strength), after which add the lime water. By lime water 

 is here meant clear lime water made by dissolving as much lime in 

 water as it will take up. One-fourth pound of lime to a barrel of 

 water is as much as is required for the purpose of preventing the 

 injury to the foliage which the Paris green naight cause. A con- 

 venient method is to put several pounds of lime in a barrel and then 

 fill with water; after stirring vigorously allow to settle, when the 

 clear water may be used. The barrel may be filled with water each 

 time before going- to the orchard and allowed to stand while gone. 



Cautions: Use enough ammonia to dissolve the Paris green and 

 copper carbonate, but no inore, and no more lime than above speci- 

 fied: 



Animoniacal solution of copper carbonate. 



Copper carbonate, G ounces. 

 Ammonia, 3 pints. 

 Water, 50 gallons. 

 Dissolve the copper carbonate in the ammonia and add the water. 

 Caution: Use no more ammonia than is required to dissolve the 

 copper carbonate. Ammonia is variable in strength, and the amount 

 required must be tested in practice. 



WHEN TO SPRAY. 



Under each fruit mentioned in the following pages the proper time 

 for spraying will be given, but it is desired to draw jittention to and 

 to emphasize one important fact, viz.: treatment u-itli fungicides is 

 preventive, not remedial. After a fung-us disease has become es- 

 tablished, it cannot be cured but it can be prevented, if preventable, 

 if treatment is begfun in time; hence, itis important that the first ap- 

 plication should be made early, generally before the leaves open 

 or soon after. 



It is too late to bcirin making applications of funjricides after 

 the disease lias made its aj)pcarance. 



It should l)e remembered also that it is not alwa^'s possilde to wait 

 for j)leasant weather when spraying is to be done, but if good re- 

 sults are to be secured the work cannot be delaj^ed for any consider- 

 able length of time; hence, it often becomes necessary to spray just 

 before or soon after a rain. In fact, nothing short of an actual rain 

 storm should stop the work when the time comes when it should be 



