SMALL FRUITS. 223 



Mr. Pearce: The Cuthbert I plant seven feet apart and three feet 

 apart in the row. I do not plant in hills, and I will tell yon my 

 objection. If planted in hills you can never keep them in the same 

 place, but if planted in rows you can keep chang-ing- the position of 

 your plants from year to year. I never let more than four canes 

 grow together, and then every year or two years I let other plants 

 grow between those two plants or hills, and then I can root out the 

 old plants, and in this waj- have new plants all the time. 



Mr. Bunnell: How late do j-ou cultivate? 



Mr. Pearce: Right through the picking season; keep it going- 

 right along. After I get through cultivating, I plow them; I plow 

 one furrow right from the row and turn another furrow back on the 

 first one and harrow it level. In covering I used to use a spade and 

 one thing and another, but I use nothing but a hoe now. 



Prof. Hanson: The common custom recommended by horticul- 

 tural writers is to lay the raspberries down in the row. 



Mr. Pearce: That is just where I said they were wrong. Now, 

 another word in regard to currants. Currants are planted too close. 

 I have a variety of currant — it is an Eng^lish currant — that spreads 

 fourteen feet. Currants want moist ground, and if you keep them 

 far enoug-h apart j'ou will get a good crop of currants. You will 

 always fail b}^ close planting, because there are so many worms and 

 insects. 



Mr. Harris: I do not know whether the audience has got the whole 

 of this, but Mr. Pearce has certainlj^ recommended soinething that 

 looks ver3^ practicable to the raspberry grower. I am one of those 

 scientific farmers, but know nothing about science. I believe the 

 plowing up of a furrow just before you lay them down to make the 

 ground loose is a good idea, but I think it would be better, however, 

 to lay them in the same direction everj' year, as the raspberry is all 

 the better for a little shade, and if your rows run east and west and 

 you lay the canes to the north the young- canes that come up in the 

 spring will g-ive a little shade to the fruit. 



Mr. Pearce: You have g-ot to reverse every year, because the 

 grow^th of the new wood takes almost the same position, and it 

 would be iiupossible to cut out the old canes in the spring. 



Prof. Hansen: The question of currants was referred to a little 

 while ago. The best distance to plant is to plant the rows nine feet 

 apart and the bushes four feet in the row, and every fourth row leave 

 them twelve feet apart to drive in with your manure. In that way 

 you can get at them better to take care of them. 



HINTS ON GOOSEBERRY CULTURE 



CHAS. A. GREEN. 



Gooseberries can be grown almost as easily as potatoes, as they 

 are marketed when green and abovit as hard as marbles. They can 

 also be handled and shipped'nearly as safely as potatoes, and, as the 

 improved method of harvesting them is by scraping them ofif the 

 bushes in handfuls with gloved hands, they may be harvested 



