FLORICULTURE. 277 



Mr. Harris: In sending to the nursery for this siirub, should 

 we call it the wild olive? 



Prof. Hansen: It is better then to use the botanical name. 

 When you order it is best to give the full name, the Eastern 

 wild olive. The others are not hardy in Iowa. 



Mr. Moyer: In western Minnesota, the nicest shrub wo have 

 is the wild olive. It grows very rapidly after it is well estab 

 lished and makes a large growth each year. In its general 

 aspect it is much like the buffalo berry; a person would have 

 to look twice to tell the difference. 



Mr. Smith: Its resemblance to the buffalo berry is such that 

 it makes one think of it at once. 



President Underwood: How about the fruit? 



Mr. Smith: I did not taste of it. 



President Underwood: We have them in the nursery. They 

 are a beautiful tree. I think there are trees there about twenty 

 feet high. • 



HARDY CARNATIONS. 



[L. H. BAILKY, in Cornell (X. Y.) Bulletin til.] 

 There is comparatively little known in this country about hardy, 

 or what the Eng-lish call border carnations. The energ-y of Amer- 

 ican carnation o^rowers has been directed alnjost entirely to the 

 winter or house type. This winter or forcing- type is a modern evolu- 

 tion from the hardy carnation, and there seems to be no reason why 

 the two types should not succeed equallj^well in thiscountr3^ Gar- 

 deners of foreig-n birth usually dismiss the hardy carnations by 

 saj^ng- that our climate is too hot and dry for them. While there 

 may be much truth in this position, it is also true that many, and 

 perhaps all of the border varieties can be grown here with little 

 trouble. Some persons have grown them with perfect satisfaction 

 for years, and visitors to the World's Fair in early August must have 

 noticed a glowing bed of them upon the wooded island. 



In order to determine if these plants can be successfull}^ grown 

 with only ordinary care, such as any person can give, w^e secured 

 seeds in the spring of 1892, of the following strains : Karl}^ Margaret, 

 Self Colored, Earlj^ Dwarf Mixed Vienna, Red Grenadine, Splendid 

 Rose-leaved, Picotee, and some others. These were sown in boxes 

 in the green-house on the 8th of March, but they might just as well 

 have been sown out of doors when the season opened. The plants 

 were set in the field as the season advanced. A few of them bloomed 

 in the fall. They were allowed to go through the winter wholly un- 

 protected, althoiagh they grew upon bald hill-top; and the last win- 

 ter was severe at Ithaca. Thej^ all wintered well, and they began to 

 bloom about the middle of June, and gave an uninterrupted display 

 of bright colored and interesting forms until late in August. Al- 

 though the lot was a mixed one, having come from seeds, all the 

 varieties were interesting, particularly the single flowers. If any 

 one strain were more pleasing than another, it was probably the 

 Vienna, which bore single and semi-double little flowers of very 

 pure and daint}' colors, ranging from ivory-white to rose-red. Some 

 of the plants had been taken up in the fall and removed to the house 

 for winter bloom, and here, too, the Vienna was very pleasing. These 

 hard)' carnations will live on from year to j^ear, although so good 

 results cannot be expected from the subsequent seasons of bloom, 

 and it is best to raise new plants froin seeds. 



