438 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



finds Warfield, Bederwood, Michels Early, Bubach, Crescent and 

 Glendale the best kinds, in the order named. He thinks $115 per 

 acre clear profit what we may reasonably hope to receive". He uses 

 marsh ha}^ as a winter cover for new beds, and coarse inanure for 

 old beds; puts the Crescent amongf the last on the list. He ships 

 most of his fruit and finds it too soft for distant markets. Mr. John- 

 son's paper and his work at his place were ver}- generally com- 

 mended. 



J. M. Elder, of Concord, in a paper on "Mistakes in Horticulture," 

 says that from the mistakes of the experimental planter we have re- 

 ceived about all of value we now possess, and accords to them all 

 honor. He thinks that not over ten per cent, of tree fruits, other 

 than plums, that have been planted in northern Iowa, have come to 

 profitable fruit bearing-; largely due to the fact that buyers, instead 

 of accepting- what thej'- may plant with safety, have reached out for 

 new and untried kinds. He advises all to plant from home nurser- 

 ies instead of patronizing traveling mountebanks. "Novelties and 

 frauds are sj^nonj^mous terms." 



Prof. Hanson, in his subject "Horticulture in the Public Schools," 

 said that we are fiftj^ years behind the times in this matter. Ger- 

 many is in the front rank. As horticulture is an essential matter in 

 home making it is a subject that all should studj'^. In almost every 

 school yard in Germany there is a nursery. In this they are by their 

 teachers taught how to sow seed, how to plant trees and how to 

 graft. Earl^r impressions being the inost lasting, this has a mould- 

 ing influence on the German people that is everj^where noticeable. 

 Teachers are trained for this work in the schools of horticulture. 

 One of the best of these he visited was in Silesia. In these about 

 half the time is given to lectures and half to exercises in the field 

 and nurserj-. The expense of the teachers' attendance at these 

 schools is met by the government. Upon the return of the teach- 

 ers who have visited these schools they are expected to recite what 

 they have learned in local teachers' institutes. 



W. A. Burnap in his annual address gave awaj^ an important se- 

 cret. His success in fruit raising, he said, was entirely due to the 

 fact that in his librar)^ there is a coirrplete file of the reports of the 

 liorticultural society for many years. 



Secretarj' Elmer Reeves, of Waverly, in his report recommended 

 that the report of the Northeast Society be printed separately from 

 the State Society report, and a large number distributed free to ap- 

 plicants. He states that tree planting is surely on the increase, and 

 that a greater nuinber of home gr«wn trees are being used than 

 heretofore. 



Blight of the apple being under discussion, Pres. Burnap thinks 

 that blight is very contagious, and that he would as soon intrnduce 

 a case of small pox into his house as he would a known blighter 

 into his orchard. 



C. G. Patten reports more blight than before in all the 3-ears of his 

 experience. The Shields crab is not inclined to blight even among 

 blighting kinds, and one of our best and hai'diest trees to use as a 

 stock for topworking. 



