42 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



session Mr. Patten stated that it was found growing with the Hewe's 

 Virginia in the nursery of Suel Foster and attracted notice by its 

 superior vigor, and, being asked what it should be named, called it 

 Virginia. 



Mr. J. C. Ferris thought the only way that nurserymen could fur- 

 nish topworked trees to their patrons was by working in the body 

 instead of the limbs. Mr. Watrous found that by leaving some 

 limbs on the stock to grow one year he had better success than by 

 using a clean stem. Others found a clean stem a success by not 

 setting the cion so deep butthat themark of knife would show above 

 the stock, and the union would be perfect in the callous. Prof. Budd 

 claimed that it was contrary to nature to have a naked stem, especi- 

 ally on plums. Mr. Patten works early in March; can graft trees 

 three or four inches through by working in the limbs several feet 

 from the body. 



C W. Mally, the assistant entomologist at Ames, read a paper on 

 "Hibernating Insects in the Orchard." He laid especial emphasis 

 on cleaning up all rubbish and burning it, and cleaning off the 

 rough bark — prevention being better than active treatment in the 

 summer— and jarring and thorough spra ying for the curculio. One 

 meinber found whitewashing in May and September a preventative 

 of borer and rabbits. Strong lye from wood ashes would not injure 

 trees if applied before trees begin to leave out in the spring. Prof. 

 Budd uses strong soapsuds in the summer as a preventative of the 

 borer. 

 Mr. Kinnie's paper on "Some Common M istakes in Fruit Growing in 

 the Northwest" contained some hard hits at the class who buy high 

 priced things of the tree agent and generally find themselves hum- 

 bugged. Ignorance is one of our greatest mistakes. Leave novel- 

 ties to the experiment station. Mr. Wragg in "Comparative Value 

 of Grape and Cherry Growing in Iowa," while admitting that it 

 might pay to raise grapes, cherries would pay much better, using 

 Early Richmond, Wragg and Dyehouse, and thought by using 

 Wragg on its own roots and the Cerise de Ostheim, Bessarabian, 

 Vladimar, Brusseler Braune, &c., the cherry belt might be extend- 

 ed much farther north. Mr. Patten, of Charles City, where the 

 land is quite sandy, condemned the Russian cherries as not as 

 hardy as the Early Richmond. Capt. Speer, of Cedar Falls, thought 

 that where the blue clay came within fifteen or twenty feet of the top» 

 it would not pay to tr}' and grow cherries. 



Mr. Secor in his paper "Unlearning Ones Mistaken Lessons in Hor- 

 ticulture" took the ground that too many things had been endorsed 

 by the society without having been fully tested. The windbreak, if 

 any, should be on the side from whence comes the prevailing winds 

 of summer. 



Mr. Patten said that seedlings of hardy trees grown in the South 

 when brought to the North often killed back the lirst winter but 

 soon adapted themselves to their changed conditions. Elmer 

 Reeves in his paper on "Grape Growing in Iowa" claimed that it 

 would be profitable for Iowa to grow all the grapes she consumed. 

 Too many varieties confuse the farmer. He would plant Wordens, 

 Moore's Early and Concord. Good one year vines are the best, but 



