68 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Mr. Gardner, of Osage, la., in his paper on hardy fruits, accounted 

 for the great variation in the experience of horticulturists by the 

 difference in their soils, situations and environments; believes in 

 thorough preparation for planting by deep plowing and subsoiling, 

 using the varieties recommended by the state horticultural societj', 

 the reports of which deserve careful reading and stud3^ There is 

 no danger that any live member of the society will be "taken in" by 

 the false representations of the "budded tree" and "model orchard" 

 men. 



N. J. Johnson, of Austin, on "How to Grow Celerj^," stated that 

 growing celery on high ground costs more than it comes to. 

 Manure is an important matter, and used in connection with bottom 

 land and a good sj^stem of irrigation has proved a success with him- 

 keeps the ground thoroughly soaked: prefers a very sandy soil to 

 the usual black muck of the swamp — even clear sand with plenty of 

 manure makes an excellent soil; finds difficulty in getting pure 

 seed. 



Rev. C. D. Belden, in an interesting address on "M3^ Father's New 

 England Orchard" said that if an equal amount of care and vigi- 

 lence was exercised in the orchards of the West as in the vast 

 orchards of the East, we should coine far nearer the perfect success 

 we so much desire. He gave quite a minute account of the careful 

 attention and cultivation which his father pursued in his manage- 

 ment of his orchard of ten acres, whereby he was enabled to support 

 and educate a large family wholly from the income derived from 

 this source. Success in orcharding is no accident, but like suc- 

 cess with other crops, the result of persistent, timel}* attention. 



Mr. H. L. Crane, of the Lake Miunetonka vinej^ard district, 

 explained his method of training the vine and recommended the 

 Delaware, Moore's Earlj'^ and Concord. The Agawam is the best of 

 the Roger's Hybrids. 



C. F. Gardner, of Osage, and Edson Gaylord, of Nora Springs, la., 

 were here introduced as delegates from the Northeastern Iowa 

 Horticultural Society. 



A paper on "Keeping Apples," read bj' Clarence Wedge, of Albert 

 Lea, advocated cold storage as a perfect method of keeping fall 

 apples till midwinter, the cost being from ten to fifteen cents per 

 barrel per month. The earlj^ winter varieties should not be placed 

 in the cellar directly from the orchard, but are far more likelj' to 

 keep well in a cool, clean outhouse until there is danger of freezing 

 weather, when they inay be removed to a cool, moist cellar. 



J. S. Harris in his list of best plums for Minnesota included 

 Desota, Cheney. Rollingstone, Hawkeye, Wolf, Weaver, Forest 

 Garden and Ocheeda. "Orcharding for the Amateur," by J.B. Mitch- 

 ell, of Cresco, la., was especial!}' valuable for the farmers. Varie- 

 tite of apples from the South are, like Southern varieties of corn, 

 adapted onl}' to the South. Duchess and Hibernal are the two con- 

 spicuously valuable varieties for the North. A list which stands 

 next in favor with him is: Bergamot, Lubsk Queen, Yellow Sweet 

 and Watermelon. 



C. G. Patten in "The Nurser3'man's Influence in Horticulture" 

 touched on the ethics of horticulture and gave valuable advice in 



