444 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



white spruce ia subject to disfigurement by an insect that lays its 

 egga in the twigs. 



Thuga OCCIDENTALS— Linnaeus. [White Cedar, or Arbor l^itae) 

 is probably so well known it need merely be mentioned. 



It is found native almost exclusively on wet land, but, like the 

 cypress of the South, thrives on dry uplands, too. Like most other 

 trees, it flourishes in the alluvial soil along streams, where it is 

 sometiines found three feet in diameter and a hundred high. Some 

 of these very old trees have the greatest attractiveness. Crippled 

 and decrepit they may be, but their broken branches healed over or 

 half the tree living while the other half is dead indicate that they are 

 veterans whose history we would like to know. But for lessons in 

 life— 



PiNUS STROBUS— Linnaeus [White Pine) is probably the best 

 teacher. Some one has said of trees and he must have been look- 

 ing at old white pine timber trees when he said it: 



MTrees are our teachers 



If we but read their silent lives aright. 



Rooted in clay they lift their heads toward light." 



Tender when young, starting under the shade of other trees, it 

 seems to pause, just above the ground, then, decided, upward it 

 goes straight and true until it reaches the branches of older trees. 

 Here itpauses again, waitingfor an opening, enduringthe whippings 

 of the branches above it; its buds repeatedly broken off, suffering for 

 light and air, yet persisting, as if knowing an opening there will be 

 if it holds out long enough. When it does come at last, up springs 

 our pine. Once above the other trees it is free and stretches out its 

 great strong beautiful arms for the first greetings of the rising and 

 the last of the setting sun and shakes defiance at the storms, as if to 

 guard the forest of smaller trees above which it towers. This tree 

 is monumental of inanhood and should be planted in inemory of 

 those men we wish to honor and of the old pine forest that has done 

 so much for Minnesota. 



Unfortunately for the planter, its grander qualities do not develop 

 until the tree is a hundred years old or more; yet it is undeniably 

 pretty during its youth when open grown. 



JUNIPERUS ViRGiNiANA — Linnaeus [Red Cedar). This is one of the 

 few trees that cross the continent, and whether by the roadsides 

 and fences of Virginia, on the bold rocky ledges of New England, hid- 

 ing secluded upon islands in Minnesota lakes or proving its endur- 

 ance in the foot hills of Montana, it is an interesting and valuable 

 tree. It is not especially beautiful, is of slow growth and yet is val- 

 luabe for its colored and fragrant wood, its odor, its berries and its 

 hardiness. It may succeed for hedges and windbreaks where many 

 others fail. It likes lime, and I would suggest its careful trial on 

 the chalky, alkaline and gypsum soils of Minnesota and Dakota. 



JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS— Linnaeus [Low Juniper). This is quite 

 common. It is interesting because of its form, and is valuable for the 

 lawn as an easily kept and clean shrub that will not obstruct the 

 view. Its natural form is between saucer and bowl shajje, will rise 

 to about four feet in height, and with a little clipping grows very 

 compact. A third of this genus is: 



