22 ON THE APPENDICES GENITALES (CLASPERSj IN THE SELACHIANS. 



Between the basale and the appendix-stem is fonnd one piece b^ bearing the two hindmost 

 raj's. The piece i3 is rather large, flattened, with an edge tnrned towards the dorsal side. 



The appendix-stem is as long as B ^ b-^\ its pro.ximal part below the knee is somewhat bent, 

 medialh- convex, otherwise of a similar form as in the Greenland Sliark, i.e. distally lanceolate; the 

 end-stvle is very short. The dorsal marginal cartilage is a very narrow ridge, reaching forward almost 

 to y5; the ventral one is mnch longer than in the Greenland Shark, occupying almost the whole 

 length of the appendix-stem as a rather high, firm, and hard lamella, the distal part of which forms 

 a but small, very narrow, folded plate, properly .speaking only an indication of such a one. 



Among the terminal pieces the piece Td is still quite soft, not separated from the other tissue; 

 71' on the contrary is hard, and reminds, as to its form, of the corresponding piece in the Greenland 

 Shark. T^j is present, but small, and no doubt not yet quite formed; whether in the develoi^ed organ 

 it is hidden by the soft tissue — so that the observation by Alii Her &; Henle: Die mamilichen 

 Anhange ohne Stachel > (I.e. p. 91) so far may be justified — I must leave undecided; the observations 

 of these authors concerning the ventral appendages are however, as it turns out, often quite unreliable. 



Scy Ilium canicula (L.). 

 I PI. II, fig. 16, 17). 



The copulator\- organs are mentioned by several authors, generally, however, without any par- 

 ticular description, as these authors especially attach importance to one peculiarit\- in the ventrals of 

 the male, which (in all stages) forms an easy distinctive mark between Scylliniu canicula and ^r. stcllare 

 (catiilits)^), viz. that the ventrals are completely coalesced dorsally of the appendages, and in the 

 middle of the hindmost edge of this coalesced part only a small incision is fonnd. By a fold 

 of the fin-membrane, passing over the proximal part of the appendages, these are also partially 

 covered on both sides ventrally, and thus they are placed as tongues in a bell, which is open on the 

 lower side, their hindmost ends reaching to or even farther (abt. 5'""') than the hindmost edge of the 

 bell •=). The whole dorsal side (i. e. the side towards the body) of the coalesced ventrals is covered 

 with dermal teeth and pigmented (spotted like the .skin of the animal in other places), and this cover- 

 ing is continued round the edge to the ventral side, where it is quite sharph' limited; the other ven- 

 tral part of the coalesced fins (the part in contact with the dorsal side of the appendages) is naked, 

 uupigmented, and soft. 



The appendix (in two specimens, when measured from the cloaca, abt. 43""" long, abt. 6""" 

 broad at the base of the terminal part, which is of a length of abt. 24"'"') is straight, posteriorly some- 



■) See for iii.st. Miiller cS: Henle, I.e. p. 7, 10. Kroyer, I.e. p. 824. Dunieril, I.e. p. 316, 317. LiUjeborg, 

 I.e. p. 650. Petri, I.e. p. 303, and fig. 6. 



2) The words of LiUjeborg 1. e. p. 650: The male has small copulatorj' organs, not reaching to the hindmost points 

 of the ventrals, and scarcely of half of the above given length of these fins > do not apply to the developed state. Neither 

 can the figure 6 of Petri represent the developed appendages, and it is upon the whole bail; the appendages are in this 

 species never so clunis\-; the description at p. 303 is only ill adapted to Sc. canicula, and not very well to Sc. catii/its. 



