go ho 
= 
s©, G0 
ae, Ee 
~T ¢ 
bo bh by bo = bo bo bb bb bo 
roe 
eS 
TOPOGRAPHY OF A BIRD. 
Fore-head (frons). 
Crown (vertex). 
Circum Ocular region. 
Lore—The portion in front 
of eye. 
Eye (oculus). 
Hind head (occiput). 
Nape (nucha), 
Hind neck (cervix), 
Side of neck. 
Interscapular region. 
Dorsum or back proper. 
Noteum, or upper part of 
body proper. 
Rump (uropygium). 
Upper tail coverts. 
Tail. 
Under tail coverts, (crissum). 
Tarsus. 
Abdomen. 
Hind toe (hallux). 
Gastreeum (belly part). 
Outer or 4th toe. 
Middle or third toe. 
Side of body. 
Breast (pectus). 
Primaries. 
Secondaries. 
Tertiaries. 
Remiges. 
28. Primary coverts. 
29. Alula winglet. 
30. Greater coverts. 
31. Median coverts. 
32. Lesser coverts. 
33. The throat. 
34. Jugulum or lower throat. 
35. Auriculars, tufts for the 
ear, (ear-coverts). 
36. Malar region portion under 
the eye. 
37. Gula or middle throat. 
38. Mentum, chin. 
39. Angle of commisure, or 
corner of mouth. 
40, Ramus of under mandible. 
41. Side of under mandible. 
42. Gonys (lower part of bill). 
45. Apex or tip of bill. 
44. Tomia, or cutting edges of 
the bill. 
45. Culmen or ridge of upper 
mandible. 
46. Nostril. 
40. 7. Lower mandible. 
. Scapulars. 
. Rictal bristles or vibrisse. 
. Upper mandible, maxilla. 
Supercilium. 
é. Tibia. 
. Cheek. 
Tail feathers (rectrices). 
