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(254) Uvropa rvors, European Hoopoe is found at high eleva- 
tions, more frequently on the Himalayas. It has more white about 
the body than the Indian species. Size about 12 inches in length. 
This Hoopoe visits Darjeeling in winter, from Europe, most probably. 
(255) Uropa NIGRIPENNIS, Indian Hoopoe, is smaller in size, 
being about 102 inches in length. Nigripennis is the common Hoo- 
poe found in the plains where it is a winter visitant chiefly. It 
differs but little in colour from its congener. Indian Hoopoe is 
found at most places in the plains. “It frequents groves of trees, 
thin forest jungles, gardens, the neighbourhood of villages, and old 
deserted buildings, mosques, tombs and large mud walls.” 
TRIBE DENTIROSTRES 
This brings us to the big Dentirostral Tribe, with its ramitica- 
tions of families, sub-families, genera and species. This group 
presents many interesting types of birds. They have more or less 
typically shaped bills; similar prevailing characteristic and_ habits; 
similarities in structure. Upper mandible is notched in most of 
the families, having a noticeable “tooth,” as it is commonly called, 
a sharp curved tip, which aids the bird to tear the fruit or what 
food it habitually subsists upon; not infrequently to clear away 
bark, fibres, moss and leaves from the ground, in its search for 
food ; or rip up big beetles, insects and sickly small birds, in the 
case of Lunius (lahtora). Some of our finest songsters belong to this 
group. All the warblers are found in this tribe; and those prim 
lady-like birds the Wag-tails, Fork-tails, Red-starts and Robins, 
and we might add Pipits, to this somewhat select class of birds ; 
but we must not overlook the claims to refinement, and elegance of 
numbers of other birds, prominent among which are fantails and 
flycatchers. The warblers and their allied species, possess a com- 
plicated lower larynx, acted on by pairs of muscles which aid 
these fine songsters In the production of those musical trills and 
refrains, all true lovers of nature delight to listen to. 
Birds of this tribe have strong bills, of moderate length, toothed 
at the tip, in some of the groups more distinctly notched. 
They are represented by the following families :— 
I. Lantana (shrikes) birds of moderate size; beaks strong, 
. 66 ” 
compressed and possessing a well developed — tooth” ou upper man- 
