(aes )) 
bluish black ; wings and tail dark cinnamon colour. Female is 
brown, above, a tinge of olive about the edges of the feathers ; 
lower parts reddish white with darker streaks ; quills and tail pale 
cinnamon ; crest shorter than the male. 
Susp-FAMILY FRINGILLIN At 
This is the V group of Finches. They differ considerably in 
structure ; size in some of the species, and in colour from the fore- 
going divisions. Bill is thick and conical, varied in form, short in 
size, puffed out margines in some ; whilst in other species they are 
slender and longish ; wings longish; whereas we found, the first 
primary quill, minute in the former birds, these finches are without 
it. Fringilline live chiefly on fruit and hard seeds which they crack 
with ease, between their strong bills and eat the kernel. Their 
feeding grounds can usually be observed by leavings of the hard 
shells, and husks lying on the land below. Most of these birds live 
in temperate climates, a few migrate in winter to the plains. Male 
differs considerably in colour from the female, which is not so 
brightly coloured. 
Fringilline are divided into :— 
I.—-GROSBEAKS. 
IIl.—BULL-FINCHES. 
III.—CROSS-BILLS. 
IV.—ROSE-FINCHES. 
V.—TRUE-FINCHES. 
I.—GROSBEAKS. 
These giant finches frequent as a rule, more temperate climates. 
They are forest loving birds, occasionally leaving their natural sur- - 
roundings for more open country and less wooded parts. Bill is 
very large, thick and conical; wings long; tail fairly short; legs 
stout and protected by scales. 
We have two different types which are found in the district 
GENUS HESPERIPHONA, bill is thick, heavy and conical, clumsy in 
appearance ; tail longish. 
