20 ANNUAL REPORT. 
get in the spring. They should be dug up early in the 
all and carefully laid away till spring, when they suffer but 
little injury in transplanting. It is not safe to take even the 
hardiest varieties from a nursery and transplant them. 
Mr. Gould indorsed Mr. Jewell’s opinion of transplanting, 
but he objected to the manner of burying trees in winter. 
He recommended a dry place, not putting the body of the 
_. tree in earth at all,—by digging ‘a trench on the north side of 
a hill, and leaning the trees at an angle of 45 degrees, so that 
the water will not rot the bark. 
Mr. Jewell preferred a high and dry location, burying about 
two feet, digging a deep trench which will take in the trees 
entirely below the surface. After placing the trees in these 
trenches he places rafters or ties across the top, covering with 
a board, then he covers over all with dirt ; after a freezing he 
covers with straw or litter. . 
Mr. Harris gave his system and experience, which con- 
formed nearly or quite to that of others. 
He had transplanted apple trees in the autumn with good 
success, if it was done early and the soil was not too dry, but 
preferred to receive trees in the fall and plant as early in the 
spring as the season would permit. Said his plan for winter- 
ing the trees was to select a dry, sheltered place and dig a 
trench eighteen inches deep and about the same in width and 
long enough to receive what trees he had. 
Then open the bundles and take one tree at a time and re- 
move with a sharp knife all bruises from the roots, cut back 
the tops to correspond with root and place in the trench, 
standing at an angle of about 45 deg., and put the earth back 
over the roots one tree at a time, being sure to leave the work 
when completed so that water will run from it. By this pro- 
cess had kept his trees for spring planting for many years and 
never had one injured. If the trees are received from the 
nursery in very cold weather, the pruning and making ready 
should be done in the barn or cellar, to prevent their being 
long exposed to frost. 
CULTIVATION AND PROTECTION. 
This subject being next taken up, was opened by Mr. 
Grimes. He believed in deep ploughing with proper prun- 
ing, while for protection mulching was necessary, and he 
would recommend a growth of something like raspberries in © 
parallel rows to trees, as incidental to the same. 
Mr. Dartt favored thorongh cultivation. 
Mr. Jewell believed in thorough cultivation, particularly 
during the first. three or four years. In order to get trees 
