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MINNESOTA STATE HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY. 49 
Bass. Tilia Americana. L. : 
La Red Mulberry. Morus rubra. L. — id 
. -Tronwood. Ostrya Virginica. Willd. 
Sugar Maple. Acer Saccharinum. Wang. 
Soft Maple. Acer rubrum. L. 
Alternate-leaved Cornel. Cornus alternifolia. L. 
Bitternut. Caryaaumara. Nutt. 
[Rare east of Spring Lake. } 
Butternut. Juglans cinerea. L. 
[Very rare except at Spring Lake and westward. ] 
Slippery Elm. Ulmus fulva. Michx. 
Staghorn Sumac. Rhus typhina. L. 
Tamarac. Larix Americana. Michx. 
Box Elder. Negundo aceroides. Moench. 
Wolfberry. Symphoricarpus occidentalis. R. Br. 
- Panicled Cornel. Cornus paniculata. L’Her. 
[The most common species of Cornel. ] 
Between Shakopee and Mankato the following additional species 
were seen in the valley of the Minnesota: 
Kentucky Coffee Tree. Gymnocladus canadensis. Lam. 
Red Cedar. Juniperus Virginiana. L. 
Black Walnut. Juglans nigra. L. 
Hackberry. Celtis occidentalis. L. 
Blue Beech. Carpinus Americana. Michx. 
Yellow or Gray Birch. B-tula lutea. Michx. f. 
[This birch has oblong catkins, and spreading obtuse lobes on the scales, 
the latter being three lines long. The hickory grows to about six inches in 
diameter and then is invariably winter-killed. A large tract has lately been 
cut for fuel near St. Peter. The hackberry is used for fuel, and for furni- 
ture. It frequeuts the heaviest timber. The butternut is rarely large. The 
box-elder sometimes exceeds three feet in diameter. In the absence of the 
sugar maple its sap is used in the Upper Minnesota valley by the Sioux In- 
dians for making sugar and syrup, of which it is said to furnish a very fine 
quality. | 
In traveling through the Big Woods in 1874, the white birch (Be- 
tula alba var. populifolia spach,) was noted in Hennepin and Carver 
counties. The bittersweet, (Celastrus scandens, L.) is also abundant 
in the Big Woods. There is a species of oak that appears like red 
oak, (Quercus rubra, L.) that frequents the outskirts of the Big 
Woods. It is sometimes associated with the burr oak in the ‘‘ open- 
ings,” and sometimes is found in company with the trembling aspen. 
it makes d smaller tree generally than the burr oak. Besides these 
the Virginia creeper, (Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Michx.) and the 
blackberry, (Rubus villosus, Ait.) have been seen. At Jordan, in 
the valley of the Minnesota, the black raspberry was noted, (Rubus oc- 
cidentalis, L.) ‘The white pine grows near Minneapolis, (Pinus stro- 
bus, L.) and in Mower county ; it is found along the rocky banks of 
the streams in Mower county. The black ash (Fraxinus sambucifolia, 
Lam.) has also been observed in the Big Woods, but it seems not to 
be common. The red-berried elder (Sambucus pubens, Michx.) has 
been seen at Minneapolis; also the sweet viburnum, ( Viburnum Len- 
tago, L.) and the strawberry bush (Huonymus Americanus, L.) Two 
species of spircea, the ninebark, (Spirea opulifolia, L.) and the com- 
mon meadow-sweet spircea salicifolia, L., were noted at St. Peter. 
Although according to the foregoing boundary of the southern end 
fe) 
