MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 41. 
nal Wealthy stood the test, and that others are ie Baydag better success in 
mepresting it than I have had. 
ure. - Duchess. 
In this section the Duchess of Oldenburg now ranks as our most hardy 
apple, but is far from being an iron-clad—they die or give out after bear- 
ing two or three crops of fruit. 
‘ Prospects. 
Some may differ with me, but I venture the assertion that this ‘portion 
of the State can never be made profitable for apple growing unless there is 
a radical change in the climate. Ido not allude to the extreme cold, but 
to our clear dry atmosphere and the scorching effect of the sun’g rays. 
Cause of Injury. 
That the injury to our apples and some of the crabs was due to the sun, 
is proven by the appearance of the trees in the early part of the season. 
The bark is always injured or killed on the south side. Another fact—I 
found in the spring of 1873, that the Duchess of Oldenburg, where they 
were protected trom the sun by buildings were only slightly injured, while 
those protected on the north by timber and exposed to the sun were either 
killed or badly injured. That much of the damage is due io the dryness of 
our atmosphere is proven by the fact that varieties which pass the winters 
uninjured near large bodies of water, the temperature being about the 
same, will kill in the interior. This would seem to prove that the humidity 
of the atmosphere tends in a measure to counteract the clearness of the 
atmosphere, thus preventing injury from the sun. Drouths undoubtedly 
injure the vitality of vegetable life to a certain extent and render it more 
susceptible to injury. Nevertheless, the direct cause of the damage was heat, 
and not cold. We may search Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Russia for 
hardy varieties of the apple, but it will not avail unless we can find varie- 
ties iron-clad against the effects of a clear, dry atmosphere and the scorch- 
ing rays of the sun. 
Siberians. 
The Siberian family of crabs are at home in all localities and under all 
circumstances, whether or not protected from the blasting wintry winds, 
or our scorching summer suns. 
Transcendent. 
The Transcendent is. the standard variety here. Our farmers are 
planting them by the hundred, five hundred and thousand, for the purpose 
of making cider and cider vinegar. One of our farmers raised about three 
hundred bushels the past season, which he manufactured into cider. I once 
saw a prominent member of our horticultural society from the southern 
portion of the State, rise in his place and declare the Transcendents were 
not worth raising; said he had so many that after using all he could in his 
ee 
