70 ANNUAL REPORT. 
protected .by a grove, and snow drifted over them ‘seven feet deep, 
so that the sgil probably did not freeze that winter, all were killed. 
Duchess, Haas, Tallman Sweet, standing under these conditions, 
were killed. | 
Mr. Hart :—Slow growing roots cause slow growth of the top, and 
this makes the tree hardy. Had the same experience as Mr. Pearce. 
Would shovel away the snow if it»were four feet deep about the 
trees. 
Mr. Jewell :—Not one of those who believe the destruction due 
to some unknown cause believe that the trees root killed. In De- 
cember, 1872, at one time the thermometer was 30°—40° below 
zero before any snow fell, and then it was that the injury was done. 
Hardy roots is our text. The root should be short and the scion 
long. Facilitate getting roots from the junction by letting the scion 
be larger than the stock, and projecting beyond it at one side. 
Mr. Hart :—Snow fell November 10th, 1872, and did not all go 
off until spring from where it drifted behind fences. 
A Member :—Deep planting is the correct principle. 
Mr. Jordan :—-I know of no case in which trees died when the 
ground was not frozen. 
Mr. Jewell here introduced Mr. Tuttle, President of the Wiscon- 
sin State Horticultural Society, who had just entered the room. 
Mr. Dartt :--Some scions are more difficult to root than others. 
The Tetofsky fails. Have set it 18 inches deep for the express 
purpose of getting roots. ‘Trees have been injured in the top more 
than the root. In the former case the tree hangs along, but in the 
latter it dies at once. It is easy to protect the root by mulching. 
With this precaution we need not be so much troubled about hardy 
roots. We want hardy tops, which will not injure in the fruit buds. 
Some will do well so far as the tree is concerned, but the fruit buds 
kill. 
Mr. Hart :—In the spring of ’56 I planted some trees; as snow 
came early there was no frost in the ground that year. The tops 
killed bpt the roots lived. 
Mr. Stewart :—-Of my own crab seedling roots on loamy soil only 
one in 50 lived. 
Mr. Brand :—9%5 per cent. of the crab roots live in my experi- 
ments. It was the cold and dryness of December that killed the 
trees in 72-3. The last of December there was no moisture in the 
soil, and the day before Christmas the thermometer stood 40° below 
zero. 
Mr. Pearce :—Fuller, of New York, says it makes little difference 
