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MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 153 
ing up and will die during the summer. Haas killed back 6 to 8 
inches, and 2 out of 10 are dead, 5 years old. Fameuse nearly all 
dead, they leaved ovt and in a few days the leaves dried up, the 
wood is black down to the snow line. Saxton—some are dead and 
others in same row but little injured. 
The varieties that winter killed are Pewaukee, Walbridge, Mollie, 
Bellflower, and Black Vendevere. These were 3 and 4 years old. I 
reset with hardy trees. 
I have 22 varieties of crabs, all came through the winter in good 
condition except the Soulard. I have discarded that entirely. , 
I have from 250 to 300 Seedlings from 1 to 4 years old, and only 
four have come through without any injury, two of these are from seed 
of the Duchess apple 3 years old, one of the other 4 are from Trans- 
cendent seed, the other from a large Minnesota grown apple. Iam 
experimenting with Seedings from Minnesota fruit, as I believe our 
horticultural success depends upon our efforts to grow trees from 
seed. ‘ 
Plums. 
The Miner plum, 5 years old, have come through with from 1 to 
2 inches of tips killed—blossomed and a good prospect for a fair 
crop; Miner, 1 and 2 years old, killed 4 to 6 inches. I don’t con- 
sider the Miner plum a sel/ at all, but far superior to our best native 
plums. Richland Purple killed to the ground, 4 years old. 
Carnation cherry, 5 years old. ‘Lhis hardy cherry passed through 
the winter wholly uninjured—not a bud hurt—prospect for a light 
crop of fruit. I have an orchard of about 350 trees and about 30 
different varieties. Soil, heavy clay, north slope, no protection. 
Small Fruit. 
Grapes came through al! right when covered. I have only two 
varieties—Moffets and Concord. 
Currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, are doing well, 
prospects for a crop, good. 
The area of small fruit in this locality is small. Farmers do not 
seem to appreciate the value of small fruit sufficiently to cultivate to 
any extent. 
I am pleased to hear that the subject of discussion at your sum- 
mer meeting is on small fruit, and hope many will profit thereby, 
and wake up to the interest of cultivating more small fruit in Min- 
nesota. 
The mode of cultivating fruit trees in general is to plant the 
ground with some hoed crop, corn generally. I have noticed sev- 
eral orchards that have been let grow up to grass with only mulch- 
ing around the roots and are doing well. 
Diseases. 
None except winter-killing and sun burning or bark blistering on 
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