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MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 159 
- jurious insects in general by being most mischievous in their per- 
fect state. But the insect under consideration does sometimes do 
mischief by burrowing into the roots of plants in the larva state, as 
no doubt many have witnessed—when they have seen a melon or 
cucumber vine die without any apparent cause, 
We also have with us in great abundance Hemiptera Coccidae, or 
bark lice, ete. 
There is, however, an insect, from the mischief it is doing and is 
likely to do unless some stringent measures are taken to stay its pro- 
gress, that will force itself unmistakably upon the notice of all lovers 
of sauer kraut and cauliflower—and I refer to the cabbage butterfly 
—or butterflies, as there are two or three species of them. 
But to give a detailed history of them would require all the time 
allotted to a single paper, and we must leave it for the present. 
M. 
ORCHARD PROTECTION. 
H. M. THOMPSON. 
Sr. Francis, Milwaukee Co., Wis. 
The observations and experiments of horticulturists in the West 
and Northwest, covering the period of one generation, have most 
conclusively demonstrated that, owing to the peculiar climatic con- 
ditions prevailing over a large extent of country, the difficulties 
encountered in growing fruits for family and for market use, have 
been and are now so great as to discourage, to a considerable extent, 
the acreage of tree and small fruit pianting necessary to supply the 
demand, which must keep pace with the increase of wealth and pop- 
ulation ; hence the importance of inquiring into the causes of failure 
and the general adoption by fruit growers of such preventative 
measures as are most likely to mitigate, if not to entirely avoid in 
the future, the disasterous results which have occurred in the past. 
The experiments made in testing the standard varieties which 
originated in the Eastern, Middle and Southern States, have proved 
that the most of these varieties possess certain peculiar, undefined, 
constitutional characteristics in the composition and structure, 
which renders their existence precarious, when planted in localities 
containing different soils, and subjected to climatic conditions, en- 
tirely the reverse of. the conditions to which those varieties were 
subjected in their origin; the Baldwin, Spitzenberg, and R. I. 
Greening may be cited as instances of proof. 
On the other hand it has been ascertained by experiment, that 
certain varieties of apple trees which originated in localities, in 
which the various conditions of soil and climate were similar to the 
conditions prevailing in the locality to which they have been remov- 
