MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 63 
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Price’s Sweet, White Astrachan and Peach Apple I have not tested enough to 
report their condition, although they came through last winter in good con- 
dition, and all came through in the best condition except a few that root 
killed. No blight. 
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Crab-Apples. 
I have a great variety of crabs. The Transcendent, Hyslop, Hebron, 
' Early Strawberry, Minnesota, Orange Crab, Conical, Beecher’s Sweet, 
Hesper Blush, Stewart’s Sweet and Honey Sweet, are among the best 
for general cultivation. Stewart’s Sweet proves to be perfectly hardy 
and a good bearer. My trees at this time are loaded with fruit. I 
would not dispense with Stewart’s Sweet any sooner than I would with 
the Transcendent. The prospect for a full crop of apples is good; many 
trees bending to the ground under their load of fruit. I have the Wealthy 
in bearing for the first time; trees set two years, three years old when set; 
been cultivated with corn each year since planted. I believe in good culti- 
vation with some hoed crop. 
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Deep and Shallow Planting. 
I wish to give my experience in deep and shallow planting. Four years 
ago I planted out a lot of trees, some in the following manner: I dug a 
hole about five feet in diameter about 24 feet deep; filled in the top soil to 
within one foot of top and set the tree in and filled around with mellow soil, 
so that when the tree was planted it was from ten inches to one foot deeper 
than it stood in the nursery. The trees planted in this manner,are doing 
well; never one of them has root-killed; not affected by drouth or heavy 
winds. 
I planted some six inches, and others four inches deeper than they stood 
in nursery. The shallow planted trees are nearly all dead. The trees plant- 
ed six inches deep are doing a little better, but not in a healthy condition. 
My soil is a clay loam, with heavy clay subsoil, and yet I shall in the future 
plant my trees from ten to twelve inches deep. The roots, then, are below 
the dry surface, and heavy winds do not sway the tree to and fro and loosen 
the roots or let the air in to dry the roots. I have put well-rotted manure 
in the bottom of the hole before planting, and covered with eight or ten 
inches of top soil. These are also doing well. 
Flowers. 
The past winter proved the hardest on roots and shrubs I have seen in 
Minnesota. Perennials that I considered hardy were entirely killed. Peo- 
nies, Pinks, Sweet Williams, Pansies, Dycentra and Lilies came through all 
right. Of roses, I lost some of my choicest varieties. Larene, Madame 
Elliot, Baron Provost and Leon-des-Combat were entirely killed. Bour 
Sault, African R., Cabbage Rose, Damask, a blush June rose, and a varie- 
gated rose, the name I do not know, all wintered well. 
I will mention a few Annuals that should have a place in every garden and 
yard: Phlox, Verbena, Portulacca, Zinnia, Petunia, Ten-week’s-stock and 
