68 ANNUAL REPORT. 
raspberries were an exception. They suffered worse last winter than ever 
‘ pefore—Doolittles, Senecas, Mammoth Clusters and Davison’s Thornless. 
They were all so badly winter-killed, that I had not much over a third 
of a crop. With this exception, the Doolittle and Seneca, have never 
failed with me. The ground being nearly bare of snow much of the 
time, I think, explains the matter. Several rows of the Doolittle, with 
plenty of snow drifted among them, came out much better. My red rasp- 
berries all wintered through well. Even the Clarke, too tender for our 
winters generally, came through without injury, and bore a fine crop. The 
Turner and Kirtland are thoroughly iron-clad. ‘The Kirtland is not very 
prolific, yet a few are desirable on account of earliness. 
The Turner. 
The Turner, for delicious flavor of fruit, is the king of red raspberries- 
Though very prolific, a single picking will not equal a picking of the Phil- 
adelphia, yet the bearing season of the Turner is very long. The Turner 
‘ yaspberry throws up a great number of young plants from the lateral roots 
in the fall, which winter over. Even tender plants, from six to ten inches 
high, set out in June, will throw up many plants the same season, that will 
winter over. In fact they spread so rapidly, and are so very hardy, that 
they will soon become too thick and the berries will be small, unless they 
are properly thinned and cultivated. 
The Philadelphia. 
The Philadelphia raspberry has always done well with me. The tops kill 
down some, every winter. After the buds start in the spring, I cut off all 
dead tips and cut off all dead wood, and cultivate. I planted my first Phila- 
delphias in the spring of 1871, and they have borne a good crop every year 
since. This little patch is on a slope facing the west, and exposed to the 
northwest wind. My other Philadelphias are on level land, and in the lowest 
spots and little depressions they winter-kill most. I may mention that they 
have been injured most during the mildest winters. The cold winters of 
1872--3 and 1874-5 did not injure them. As Ihave seen much complaint of 
the winter-killing of the Philadelphia raspberry, I will mention that for 
four years, including 1876, my lowest yield was over 2,200 quarts, my 
highest over 2,800 quarts, per acre. The flavor of the Philadelphia is by no 
means equal to the Turner. 
Grapes. 
Grapes ars not so largely cultivated in Washington county as strawberries 
and raspberries, yet many are doing well, on a small scale, with Concords, 
Delawares and Clintons. 
*¢ Black Knot.” 
A word as to the contagion of ‘‘ black knot” in Plum trees. Eight or ten 
years ago my children planted a dozen or more Plum trees in and around a 
\ 
