MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 69, 
native cluster left inclearing the land. This native cluster bore good plums, 
but was badly affected with black knot. My sons cut all the tops entirely 
from these trees, and burnt them. They also dug the dirt away from the 
roots and left them exposed for some time; then put a considerable quantity 
of fresh ashes, sulpher and salt about the roots of each tree and replaced 
the dirt. They soon had fine tops again, but the black knot was as bad as 
ever. They are still standing, but ruined and worthless. The trees planted 
_ in and around this cluster are now large, and bear fine fruit,-and although 
their roots and branches intertwine or interlock with the diseased trees and 
touch them in many places, not one of these trees brought from a healthy 
cluster has a particle of black knot. 
DISCUSSION. 
; Raspberries.—V arieties. 
Mr. Kenney. In the spring of 1873 my Philadelphias were 
badly killed. Last spring they were killed again, after they had 
started to grow. 
Pres. Smith. I have had a similar experience. They were killed 
in 1873, and again last spring. Before this they had been consid- 
ered tolerably hardy, but not so hardy as the Turner. The Turner 
is the hardiest raspberry. 
Mr. Kenney. I fruited the Turner last summer for the first 
time. Itis very hardy ; has a long bearing season and large ber- 
ries. Jam very favorably impressed with it. 
Pres. Smith. The suckers of the Turner must be kept out in 
order to get a crop of fruit. 
Mr. Brand. The Turner has another good point: it is nearly 
thornless. The Philadelphia is hardier, however, than any black- 
cap raspberry. 
Insects in Canes. 
Pres. Smith. Jn the Turner, Philadelphia, Kirtland and Clarke 
I found last spring the burrow of a grub, which appeared to kill 
the cane above it. 
Mr. Brand. I have found spots on the canes two or three inches 
long, which were punctured with numerous small holes, in each of 
which there was a grub. 
Raspberries—blackcaps. 
Mr. Kenney. The Doolittle and the Seneca are the best of 
