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134 ANNUAL REPORT. OSS ATE 
‘Duchess, of which he had about veeteiiive bushels; Haas, ness %oR Bar 
bushels ; Red Astrachan, one bushel; a sweet apple, supposed to be Talman 
Sweet, one bushel; about twenty of Transcendents, and more or less of | 
Tetofsky, Fameuse, Golden Russet, Jeniton, Small Romanite, Maiden’s 
Blush, Hesper Blush, Quaker Beauty, and twelve other varieties, including 
four Seedlings, (standards,) and an early winter Pippin, fruit as large as the 
Duchess, which last has stood ten years, now fruited for first time, and is 
hardy so far. Two of the Seedlings bear splendid fruit, are sixteen years 
old, but not quite hardy. The Golden Russet, Talman Sweet, Jeniton, 
Small Romanite, and Red Astrachan were damaged by the hard winter of 
1872 and ’73, and have not recovered yet. Haas are six years old, and were 
not hurt by the hard winter referred to. 
The Duchess, young and old, are black on the south side, also some of the 
Transcendents. Mr. C.’s orchard is located on the south-east side of Lake 
Emily, and being on western border of the Big Woods, is somewhat pro- 
tected, although the timber is cut off on north side as a general thing. 
The Duchess is damaged on the south side of body—very few people tak- 
ing care to give them protection from the sunin winter. I am satisfied that 
this and the borer kill many trees, and it is charged to hard winters. ‘Some 
trees of Stewart Sweet, not less than sixteen years old, are bearing good 
crops—trees perfectly healthy and hardy. 
Some trees in a neighbor’s orchard, bought (of Moulton) for Aiken’s Green 
Winter, seem to be perfectly hardy, while others, bought for Aiken’s Striped 
Winter, (but labeled Aiken’s Green Winter,) have killed to near the ground 
and are sprouting from the stump. Quite a number obtained Beecher’s 
Sweet from same source, but they seem to be Beecher’s, or some one else’s, 
sour, but are a desirable apple. 
Grapes. 
¢ 
Grapes were a short crop—not quite a third with me, and from that to one- 
half, so far as I have learned. The Concord must be grown on a light, 
warm soil, to be sure of ripening, as you can hardly count on two out of 
three crops on timber, or good black prairie soil. The Delaware is of course 
more certain, but not sure of ripening by any means. The Janesville is sure 
and is a very good grape, growing better the longer it hangs on the vine, 
and a freeze which spoils the Concord does not seem to hurt the flavor of it 
a particle. The dark grape which grows wild in some of the New England 
States, seems to do well here without any protection, and is, in my opinion, 
a better grape than the Clinton. 
I am expected to give a list of fruits best adapted to this district, but beg 
to be excused therefrom, and will in its place give the qualities of the ideal 
tree, bush and vine, which are required to make a success in fruit growing 
in this district. 
It must be proof against cold, heat, moisture and drouth; against blight 
and damage from insects; against careless setting; against damage from 
horses, cattle, sheep and swine, wagon wheels and farm implements gener- 
