80 “Anno Rerorr. 
Here I will rest my case as to the root and dhiedaes a few of the 
those who believe in grafting upon roots grown from cian indiser 
tained from the mill. 
Ist. A long cion and deep setting. iy 
2d. Slitting the bark near the ground when transplanting, Gai is the 
of the purchaser.) aes 
3d. The nurseryman to dig his trees when one year old and copia 
setting six inches or more cleeper than before.” “Waww 
4th. Mulch about the trees. I will not give my reasons at any greater length 
for prefering crab roots. Faint 
Now, having, as I believe, shown how to get a good root to graft wpon can it 
not be shown how a tree can be grown which will stand our climate. This is 
our plan: Graft the Transcendent crab upon crab roots grown from seeds of 
Transcendent, Hyslop, Golden Beauty, or any of the Siberians which we have, 
using a long cion and setting deep. When the Transcendent is large enough bud 
into its limbs such hardy standard apples as have proved best adapted to this 
climate as well as best adapted to this work. Some kinds are failures when thus — 
worked. We donot mean to say the Transcendent is the best or only kind of 
tree we would use for this work, in fact we hope a number of kinds will prove 
better by being less subject to blight. 
Now I will give a brief history of our failure and success in top working but will 
not go back any further than 1872. In the nursery that year we had some — 
hundreds one year old from the bud put into three year old Transcendents. 
These were grafted on common apple roots. Our theory then was that hardy 
varieties worked the usual way by grafting upon apple roots was well enough and 
that more tender kinds, such as Domine, Jonathan, Early Joe, Wagner, &c., 
could be grown in this way. The following winter took the conceit in both cases: 
out of us. In the first place many of the Transcend’nts were killed to the root 
and where they survived most of the buds of the above kinds failed. A few of 
these trees lived and were transplanted into the orchard one and a half feet deep, 
soil generally loam with a gravelly subsoil; they have done well, except some 
more of the tenderest kinds killed last winter. Since then both in the nursery 
and orchard we are using the hardiest kinds we know of adapted to this work. 
We find Wealthy, Price’s Sweet, and a seedling we have perfectly at home, 
Plumb’s Cider Utter, Fall Orange and’Fall Stripe do very well; Walbridge and 
Haas, some defective unions; Duchess, Fameuse, Tetofsky, not a success on Tran- 
scendent, but on seedling crab Tetofsky and Duchess do very well; the Orange 
crab is a failure top worked on Transcendent; Willow Twig works well and 
stands well so far. Now I could furnish reports from Maine to Nebraska of 
those who have themselves or know of others who have practiced top working 
upon the common apple and always with greater success than when worked the 
common way. If done upon Transcendent or other hardy crabs Hybrids or even 
well known hardy standards like Duchess or Wealthy how vastly better would 
be our prospect of success. The best evidence of faith in some of the fruit men 
in this plan is found in their works. They have in their own grounds for their 
own orchards from a few trees up to thousands top worked 6n crabs, thus practi- 
cally endorsing this plan, except the roots are the old way and they are making 
great efforts to get crab roots even paying five times as much for crab seeds as 
the common apple seeds cost. Now afew words about the future of apple growing 
in the Northwest. Horace Greeley found the man he had been a long time 
looking for who could raise an average of one hundred bushels of corn to the 
