Minnesora Svate HorvTicvuLTurRAL SOCIETY. 85 
Cost of Evergreens. 
Small evergreen seedlings are now grown from seed at the forest tree nurseries 
in immense quantities, and are sold at prices varying according to the size and 
quality of the plants, ranging from $5.00 to $35.00 per 1,000. The cost of the 
plants of suitable size for permanent planting, for one row on the four sides of a 
160 acre farm, if planted at the rate of 1,000 to the mile, would not—including 
cost of boxes, packing, freight charges and labor in planting—exceed $100.00. 
Planters with limited means, not able to invest such a sum in one season, might 
extend the planting over a series of four years at an annual outlay of $25.00 in 
each year. 
Planting. 
Evergreens may be shipped long distances with perfect safety if properly 
packed and transplanted, with as much certainty of success as so many apple 
trees, provided that before and while planting, the roots are kept constantly 
moist and the earth compactly pressed on the roots, with loose soil on the surface, 
always planting deeper than they stood in the nursery, and properly mulching 
before the approach of the dry season of the year. 
Cultivation. 
The subsequent cuitivation need not extend later than when the trees cease 
growing for the season. The cessation of the growth of the pines, spruce and 
the fir, usually occur about the first of July. The subsequent growth of weeds 
with the aid of the mulch, will shield the young trees from the scorching rays of 
the sun and the effects of drouth in the months of July, August and September, 
and prevent the alternation of freezing and thawing of the soil in the late 
autumn, winter and early spring which so often proves injurious, or fatal. 
The arbor vitees and the junipers do not complete their season’s growing until 
autumn, hence they require c.ean cultivation through the whole season. 
Protection of Small Trees. 
If the trees are of small size and are planted in nursery row or in permanent 
plantation the cheapest method of winter protection is to run a one-horse single 
shovel plow, with or without wings attached, according to the distance of the 
rows apart, and ridge the earth up to the plants. The next spring the ridge 
should be reduced to a level with the cultivator and hoe, and this method should 
be continued for three or four years, or until the trees become deeply rooted and 
no longer liable to be injured or killed by being drawn out of the soil by the 
alternate action of frost and heat. 
Comparative Results. 
In conclusion, it may be said that if the resinous woods are so largely required 
for economic purposes, and if the trees exert so important an influence upon 
climate, and that by the means of their shade a cool retreat in summer and a 
greater relative warmth in the spring and the fall, invites the early arrival and 
prolongs the stay and provides for the more general distribution of insectiver- 
