W. J. HOFFMAN. ANTIQUITIES OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA. 121 



per, etc. PI. IV, Fig. 39963, is an ordinary eating dish, the spoon used ii^con- 

 nection with it being shown on PI. IV. Fig. 40417. PI. IV, Fig. 40399, is a 

 pottery basket, used in religious ceremonies to hold meal or flour, which is 

 sprinkled on the heads of the sacred dancers and objects buried during the 

 services. PL V, Fig. 40731, is a mortar a'nd ball used for grinding the pig- 

 ments used in decorating pottery. Although the present Zunis utilize these, 

 the ai'ticles were found by them in the ancient ruins, and were made by the 

 pre-historic people. Most of the existing stone implements and weapons are 

 found in the ancient ruins and utilized if practicable ; the more common ex- 

 amples being hammers, as illustrated on PI. V, Figs. 42208 and 42337, and 

 axes, of which a fine specimen is represented on PI. V, Fig. 405G0. 



Of the tribes who manufacture tHe black ware, the Cochiti Indi- 

 ans also ornament certain vessels with black lines, using- a vegeta- 

 ble material called loacca. 



Those tribes who manufacture the gi'ay ware, with red, brow-n, 

 or black oi;namentation, have in several instances departed from 

 the original forms of outlines, adopting characters and flowers found 

 wpoxx china imported by Mexicans or Americans. Zufii pottery is 

 generally known by the representation of animal forms, a typical 

 example being given in PL V, Fig. 40317. 



Prof. F. W. Putnam,* in speaking of the glazed surface of the 

 gray pottery, says : " The gray clay seems to contain a large 

 amount of silicious material, which, on being subjected to a great 

 heat, becomes slightly vitrified. The vessels made of the gray- 

 colored clay have apparently received a thin w^ash of the same, 

 upon which the black ornamentation was put liefore baking, and 

 the intense heat to which they are afterward subjected has vitrified 

 this thin layer of clay, which now appears like a slight glaze. The 

 polish is probably due to the smoothing of the surface with a stone 

 before the thin wash was applied, as is now done by the present 

 Pueblo Indians and by several tribes in the United States and 

 Mexico." 



According to the personal observations of Col. Stevenson, the 

 glaze is produced, not by the heat, as the fire never reaches that 

 intensity to fuse silica, but to the polishing stone which is used in 

 rubbing the thin wash until dry previous to baking ; the decora- 

 tions being applied just before the vessels are ready for the fire. 

 Prof. Putnam's remarks are not applicable to the Zufii pottery, as 

 before stated, that tribe does not use the polishing stone ; the In- 



* American Art Review for February, 1881, p. 153. 



[Proc. D. A. N. S., Vol. III.] " 16 [May "i. 1881.] 



