W. .r. HOFFMAX. AXTHiUlTIES OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA. 1'23 



jiroduced l)v tlic (M-adle hoard ; hy hatidag-es ac-ross tlie forehead, or 

 hoards, to piochice (dono-atioii as well as flattening- : ])osthuinous 

 distortion, in consequence of the coud)ined influence of" pressure 

 and moisture ; an(h as Dr. Huui})hrey Minchin states, naturally and 

 cono-enitallv deformed in consequence of ohliteration l)v synostosis 

 of some oTie of tlie sutui'i^s. the ohliteration taking- place dviring- 

 intra-uterine or early extra-uterine life and hy presenting a point of 

 resistance, causing- the hrain and with it the calvarial hones to be 

 unduly developed in certain directions. 



cranial conformation i^ effected. So great was tfie pressivu'e that the child's 

 skull was sometimes hroken. * * Mr. Squier, followino; Fuentes' unpub- 

 lislied history, says that among the (^uich<?.s, Cakchiquels, and Zutiigils, the 

 back of The liead was flattened by the practice of carrying infants tied closely 

 to a straiglit board." Yoh ii, p. 731, 7o2. 



Tlie following references will be found of importance in further illustration 

 of this subjec-t. as well as noting the universality of the occurrence of asym- 

 etrical crania : 



.J.Atlvin Meigs, (M. D.) Observations upon the Form of the Occiput iu the 

 various races of Men. < Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. (Phila. Pa.,) 18G0, p. 413 ef 

 xeq.. and, by the same author. Description of a deformed fragmentary Human 

 skull found iu an AncieTit Quai-rv-Cave at Jerusalem. < Proc. Acad. Xat. 

 Sci, 185i», p. 272. 



On tlie Crania of the most Ancient Hace> of Man, .Midler's Archiv. 1858. 

 pj). 4.'58, (By Prof. Schaaffhaiisen) is dis(-ussed and extended in the Xat. Hist. 

 Review. 1801, pp. l.").')-17(i, ]il, iv,v. [Compares c-ranial deformities between 

 ancient ^Mexican,-;. Flatheads. and Em-opeans.] 



Notes (m the Distt)rtions which present themselve;- in the Crania of the 

 Ancient Britons. < Nat. Hist. Review, I8()2, pp. 25)0-297. ill. 1-3. 



Ueber asymmetrische Schtidel. < Novara-Expedition. Anthropologisch- 

 er theil. I alitheil., Wien, 187.1, pp. 40-.'i(), besides numerous notes through- 

 out the work, giving measurements, etc. 



Ket/.ius: Present state of Ethnology in relation to tlie form of the human 

 skull. < Ann. Rej). Smiths. Inst. for'l8r)l). 18(i0, pp. 251-270. 



Winslow : [Conformation particuliere du Crane d'un Sauvage de rAm(?r- 

 i([ue septentrionale.] < .M<^m. de I'Acad. Rov. des Sci. pour Tann^e 1722. 

 1724, pp. :i22-324, pi. 1(>. 



[Isle aux Cliiens, 78me degre de lat. et 310 on plus de long.] 



Retzius: Cranier fran Sandwichs-oarna och Oregon. < Ofvers. Kongl. 

 Vetens.-Akad. Fiirbandl. for ar 1847. 1848, pp. 31-30, 2 figures. 



Ret/.ius: Peruvianernas cranieform. < Ofvers. Kon>il. Vetens.-Akad. 

 Fr>rhan(ll. for ar 1848. I84t), jip. 140-147. 



[Remarks upon the distinctive characteristics of the American races, etc.] 



Crania Selecta ex Tliesauris Anthropologicis Academiae Imperialis Petro- 

 jtolitanae. < MCm de I'Acad. St. P^tersb. vi .s^r. Sci. Nat. viii. 1859, pp. 

 241-208, pl. 1-10. 



[Important as relating to Aleutians: descri])tion, oiigin. measurements 

 of crania, etc.] 



Baer: Nachrichten iiber die etlnK)grai)ldsch-craniologi.sche Sanimlung 

 der Kaiserliclien Akademie der Wissen.schaften zu St. Petersbursr. < Bull. 

 Classe Phys.-:\[ath. Acad. St. P^ter.sb. xvii. 1859. pi). 177-211. [Extended re- 

 marks on classification, measurements, etc., and on crania from graves from 

 X. W. America. Voyez aussi Gosse's Essai sur les d(^formations artif. du criine. 

 Paris, 1855: Morton's Crania Americana; and Blumenbach's Decas Cranio- 

 rum.] 



