STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 101 



and Eussian Mulberries, aucl trees of that class, which they must 

 pay out their money for without getting any particular benefit, 

 when thej' can secure the desired shelter belts with little exi^ense 

 by growing the White Willow. 



Mr. Sias. I would suppose that a man who would recommend 

 the Eussian Mulberry would naturally recommend Scotch Pine 

 next; it is about the poorest thing we have in the line of ever- 

 greens for a windbreak. I didn't know that till the twenty-first of 

 August, 1883, when a tornado went through our city, leaving mos; 

 of the trees of that kind at an angle of forty-five degrees, while 

 Xorway Spruce and most of the native trees stood upright. It 

 has not proiDer leaf surface like White Pine, which has a five- 

 leaf cluster. The leaves of a tree have an effect on the root. 

 What is wanted for a windbreak is a tree that will stand firm 

 like the White Pine. We have a native evergreen that I think 

 much of, known as the Gray Pine. Some may be familiar with 

 it. known as Phms Banhsiana. 



Prof. Maginnis. Since you have given its botanical name I 

 remember it. and have observed on the map where it grows, and 

 I think there was only one variety that grew further north. I 

 is found on Great Slave Lake, many degrees north of here; it is a 

 cold climate tree. 



Mr. Smith. The Jack Pine has a short leaf and is very tough, 

 hird wood. 



Mr. Sias. The foliage of the Gray Pine resembles that of 

 Scotch Pine somewhat, but it is a hardier, tougher tree, with 

 better root. It resembles the pine mentioned, but is not the same. 



Mr. Pearce was requested to present his paper at this time on 

 grape culture. 



GEAPE CULTUEE. 



By M. Pearce, Miniuuipoll.s. 



Th3i"3 i> ua fruit that possess^^ so miuy goad qualities as the 

 grape, fresh from the vine. It is found in every inhabited part 

 of the earth, where trees or plants will grow, either in a wild or 

 cultivated state. To our native varieties we are indebted lor 

 the best varieties we have, such as the Concord, Delaware, Wor- 

 den, Moore's Early, and others. The handling of the grape vine, 

 necessary to the highest success, is practiced by but few in i>ro- 

 portiou to the many thousands who are attempting to grow this 

 grand fruit. It is safe to say that in the Xorthwest not over ten 



