174 ANNUAL REPORT 



up a local trade, and at prices about the same as the mixed 

 goods, and that class of goods sold as j^iw^e goods is what beats 

 this industry. I believe if once well understood and presented 

 in 'a proper way by this Association, this wrong may be cor- 

 rected, and I think we should ask our representatives at Wash- 

 ington to continue the investigations now being prosecuted 

 through the agricultural commissioner, in investigating the 

 Northern oane industry. 



The following paper was then read : 



THE MECHANICS AND CHEMISTEY OF HEAT AND 

 THEIR APPLICATION TO EVAPORATING SHALLOW 

 BODIES OF LIQUID. 



By Mr. B. Densmore, Bed Wing. 



The prime factors in problems of mechanics are time, space, 

 weight and motion. They occur in infinite variety and applica- 

 tion, and enter in some form into the investigation of work done, 

 or being done, or to be done. 



Chemistry, in many of its features, is not unlike mechanics. 

 It considers the nature and properties of bodies and the laws by 

 which those properties are maintained or changed. The prime 

 factors in chemistry are, at the present time, about sixty-eight 

 in number, and their combinations and properties are always 

 affected in accordance with fixed laws, many of which are al- 

 ready known and followed by the chemist in his researches. 



In the rugged and materialistic philosophy of the ancients, 

 there were recognized four elements only, and they regarded 

 them with much awe, admiration and reverence; and well they 

 might, for what was true of tliem then is equally true to-day, 

 for "the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament 

 showeth His handiwork;" for "the sea is His and He made it;" 

 for "the earth is His and the fullness thereof;" and "the fire 

 and hail, snow and vapor and stormy wind fulfill His will." 



To neither of these elements has there been aught added, nor 

 from either has there been aught taken, and they are the same 

 to-day they were centuries gone by — indispensable to the exist- 

 ence and happiness of man, and daily ministering to his every 

 want. 



The philosophy of the nineteenth century bears much the same 

 relation to that of ancient days as the fruit bears to the tree. 



