182 ANNUAL KEPORT 



It may not be reasonable to assume that the full force and 

 effect of the proposition of one to 1,700 takes place, nor is it 

 necessary to assume that such is the case, for all the factors of 

 the problem — heat, time, space and motion — are still present 

 intact and in full force. The law controlling their presence 

 holds good until the bubble reaches the sunace and explodes. 

 When the bubble expands the heat it contains expands also, 

 and is thus rendered less intense, and instead of being persis- 

 tent or aggressive is neutral and passive. 



But the heat is not all diverted to the production of steam. A 

 large per cent of it is taken up on the way by the impurities of 

 the juice. 



To eliminate them or separate them from the juice is one of 

 the highest aims of the sorghum worker, and there is no agent 

 better adapted and none so efficient and concise iu its work- 

 ings to produce these results as heat when embodied in steam 

 and applied to evaj^orating a shallow body of liquid. In a deep 

 body the continued application even of moderate heat "diffuses" 

 the "impurities," and develops all their objectionable proper- 

 ties, and they mix with the liquid and become inseparable from 

 it. A continual applictition of persistent heat produces the 

 same result with only a difference in form. 



All the long or continued boiling you may give the juice 

 seems only to deepen a dilemma, for by so doing the impurities 

 become thoroughly incorporated and fixed. The color is changed 

 from amber to dark or black; the flavor sx)eaks of impurity in- 

 stead of purity, and the cane sugar has been replaced by a pro- 

 duct of low commercial value. 



In shallow evaporation the impurities contained in the juice 

 are immediately aifected by the heat. They are dessicated to an 

 extent which renders them buoyant and at the same time con- 

 centrates them into the form of pellicules or spawn, and while in 

 this form should be removed with precision, neatness and dispatch. 



EEPOETS FROM MEMBERS. 



Eeports from growers and manufacturers of amber cane being 

 called for, the following verbal reports were made: 



Mr. J. F. Porter of Red Wing, said: 



Mr. President: I have done about the least sorghum work 

 this past year of any year I have been in the business. I have 

 only made 2,424 gallons of syrup. The cause of the shrinkage 

 was mainly chinch bugs; they got in and used about two-thirds 

 of the cane, so there was not a large amount to work uj). 



