STATE HOiiTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 439 



left an unpleasaut seiisatiou wherever he has alighted, and have 

 frequently sent forth notes of warning to my suti'erinu- fellow 

 horticulturists. I have also taken a few observations of a few 

 smaller insects that frequently do us considerable harm, but I 

 have not got far enough along to have become case-hardened, and 

 announce myself a full fledged professor, who desires to enter- 

 tain (bore is perhaps the more appropriate term) you with a 

 long drawn out treatise on the fascination and delight of a study 

 that captivates the imagination and renders the enthusiast liable 

 to construct and spin out descriptions and theories so long that 

 there is no room left for discussion. 



Insects are abundant in this country, and rapidly on the in- 

 crease, and how to head them off is a problem yet unsolved, and 

 in 3Iinnesota but little effort has been made to bring about its 

 solution. We lavSt year gave you a brief and imperfect descrip- 

 tion of the ''Apple Curculio,-' the insect which is the prime 

 cause of so many of the knotty specimens of apples in some of 

 our orchards. 



We have with us another insect that was introduced into this 

 country from Europe, commonly called the ''Codling Moth," 

 (Carpocapsa i3omonella Linn), that is fully as injurious to the 

 apple, but I think if fully understood, might be much more easi- 

 ly exterminated, especially by a concerted effort of theorchard- 

 ists of a neighborhood. The habits of this pest are not gener- 

 ally well known, and but few persons have ever seen and recog- 

 nized it in its moth or perfect state. It is one of the most beau- 

 tiful of the moth tribe, but that is a poor consolation to the man 

 who has none but wormy apples to eat. These moths measure 

 about three-fourths of an inch across the wings when expanded, 

 and are of a brownish gray color, crossed by numerous darker 

 and lighter colored wavy lines. There is a dark brown spot of 

 an oval shape near the margin of each upper wing. The under 

 wings are brownish gray, much lighter than the upper and not 

 shaded similaily. bnt shaded darker near the margin. They re- 

 main quiet during the day, and, owing to their color, are not ea- 

 sily detected, but they come forth and fly about at evening, and 

 numbers of them may be seen in the month of June and later 

 flitting about the apple trees. 



By the most careful observations made by Fitch, Harris. 

 Riley, Le Baron and others and corroborated by my own, it is 

 generally conceded that they are two-brooded, or that two gen- 

 erations are produced each year. The parents of the first brood 



