440 ANNUAL REPORT 



have hibernated during the winter in the larva state, in cocoons 

 which are concealed under the permanent scales or in the deep 

 fissures of the bark of the tree, on the fruit of which they have 

 been reared. They are also often taken into the cellar or fruit rooms 

 befort^ they leave the apples, and after they crawl out conceal 

 themselves under the hoops of barrels or in the cracks of bins, 

 where the careful observer frequently finds and may destroy 

 them. 



As the spring opens, the worms, which are hidden in crevices, 

 change to chrysalis and from that im merge perfect moths, ready 

 for the work, of destruction. They first appear soon after the 

 trees blossom, and proceed at once to deposit their eggs, one at 

 a time, in the calix end of the newly formed apple. In about 

 one week there hatches from the egg thus deposited a small, 

 white worm, with shiny black head and neck. As they become 

 larger the body is a flesh color with the head and neck 

 tawny, and when fully grown they are nearly half an inch 

 in length. As soon as hatched the little worms immediately 

 begin to burrow in the aj)ple, eating their way from the eye to 

 the core and through the aj^ple in various directions. To get 

 rid of the refuse fragments of the food it enlarges the hole of 

 the entrance, or gnaws one through the side of the apple, 

 and thrusts them out of the opening. The growth is completed 

 in three or four weeks, when the insect allows the apple to com- 

 plete its transformation; this is usually when the apples are less 

 than half grown, at which time most of the infested fruit falls to 

 the ground. Now the worms leave the apple whether fallen or not 

 and creep into the chinks of the trees, or other sheltered places, 

 which they hollow out with their teeth to suit their shape. Here 

 each one spins for itself a cocoon or silken case, and unlike the 

 other brood, change into chrysalis immediately after their cocoons 

 are made and turn into moths. In about two weeks they come out 

 and lay their eggs for a second generation and it is this gener- 

 ation that causes so much worm eaten fruit in the autumn. 

 This is the brood that hibernates through the winter in the 

 larva state and comes forth moths in early summer to deposit the 

 eggs for the first brood. We have necessarily been brief in our 

 history and description in order to sooner get to the practical 

 remedies, all of which are simple and easily applied. 



