STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 441 



REMEDIES. 



The first is destroying the insects in their winter quarters. 

 Second, picking the wormy apples from the trees and destroying 

 them. Third, gathering the wormy apples from the ground or let- 

 ting hogs and sheep have the range of the orchard. Fourth, en- 

 trapping the worms in bands or other contrivances. 



When we consider that every female moth is capable of laying- 

 fifty or more eggs and that every worm of the first brood totally 

 destroys an apple, we will readily see the importance of de- 

 stroying the insects before they leave their winter quarters. For 

 this purpose the careful orchardist will carefully search every 

 place where there instinct would lead them to conceal them- 

 selves during the winter. We will hunt for their cocoons under 

 the bark and in the crevices of trees and also in the hoops of 

 barrels and in the cracks of bins in which fall and winter apples 

 have been kept. I have seen the pieces of barrel heads and the 

 boards of bins that were laid on top of each other, so completely 

 plastered together by the worms between them that a number 

 could be raised together by taking hold of the top one. 



As the young worms, soon after the apple begins to grow, 

 throw out castings through the hole they made in entering, or 

 the one made in the side of the apple for the purpose, and a por- 

 tion adheres to the rough shriveled calyx, their presence is 

 readily detected. All of those within reach may be plucked by 

 hand and the remainder by means of a wire hook attached to a 

 pole, or the tree may first be jarred when many of them will 

 fall and may be caught on sheets spread beneath, and then go 

 over the tree and remove the remainder. The fruit thus re- 

 moved should of course be fed to swine or burned, and if the 

 work is thoroughly done there will be but few left to propagate 

 the second brood. Third, gathering the windfalls from the 

 ground or letting the swine and sheep have the range of the 

 orchard. By the latter the fruit will be utilized, but it is not as 

 effectual as the other because many of the worms escape before 

 the apple falls. Fourth, entrapping the worms under bands and 

 other contrivances. The well-known habit of the Codling Worms 

 to seek shelter, when about to transform into perfect insects un- 

 der the scales or bark upon the trees where they have been 

 raised, has suggested the idea of entrapping them under some 

 artificial covers, and experience has proven that by following 

 this method, in connection with the others, they can be nearly 

 56 



