STATE HORTICULTUJiAL SOCIETY. 455 



some, good bearer, sub acid, keeps well into winter. Enormous, 

 ripens middle of August, very large and showy and of fair 

 quality. Omeusk, first year bearing; evidently a good keeper 

 and j)romises to be a heavy bearer. Vargle, quite large, green? 

 pronounced by Gibb one of the best of winter Eussians. Blue 

 Anis: also four others of the Anis class, all early winter. 

 Antonovka. a heavy bearing, long-keeping variety, of good 

 quality. Early Champaign, a heavy bearer, red streaked, tart, 

 J nicy, mellow and sprightly, and is three weeks earlier than Red 

 Astrachan. Hibernal, a heavy bearer, hardy and healthy; sea- 

 son from JSTovember to February; kept at Kew Orleans until 

 spring. Switzer, juicy, fine grain, snb acid; it ripens in Sep- 

 tember and holds in season twice as long as Duchess. Zola- 

 toref, very largeand showy,sub acid, ripens in October. Zuzoff's 

 Winter, an early winter variety of medium size and fit for use 

 early in winter; it is very fine flavored. Longfield, one of the 

 best; fair size, very hardy; it keeps longer and is better than 

 Fameuse. Arabian, a late Duchess. Transparent, a clear, 

 waxy, white-skinned apple, of good quality, juicy and very early. 

 It is hardy, a constant and enormous bearer. 



PRUNING AXD PROTECTING GRAPE VINES. 



The season for doing this work is in the fall. When the 

 vines have shed their leaves, which happens after a few 

 severe frosts about the first of November, a great amount of 

 rough growth must be removed, to make thorough winter pro- 

 tection possible. This question about the manner of pruning is 

 one embracing a great variety of notions, though none of serious 

 dispute. The age and character of the vine has much to decide 

 in the matter, also the location or section of country where grown. 

 As a general thing, however, the purposes for which pruning is 

 done are the same, the question being how it shall be done. 

 Throughout the Northwest it is found necessary to protect grape 

 vines in winter. The wood is light and porous, and through 

 extreme changes in the weather it becomes dried out, and the 

 vitality of the plant very much injured, when not entirely de- 

 stroyed. Bending close to the ground has some effect of saving 

 evaporation, but a slight covering of earth furnishes ample pro- 

 tection to all varieties found adapted to this climate. The plan 

 of bending down makes it desirable to grow as little old wood as 

 possible, hence the necessity of close pruning, which causes the 

 fruit to grow on the line of one or two canes. 



