294 ANNUAL EEPOET 



slope. High ground on the south shore of a lake or on the banks of 

 a river, to prevent, the late frosts of spring and the early frosts of fall, 

 is preferable. Almost any slope will answer though to plant vines on 

 if it is well sheltered. If there is not a natural shelter near the place 

 selected one should be provided. 



SOIL. 



Any soil that will raise good corn or potatos will do for a vineyard, 

 but preference should be given to that which is not too sandy and is 

 underlaid with yellow clay containing fine lime stones in abundance. 

 In such a soil vines will be healthier and less liable to winter-kill. 



LAYING OUT. 



In laying out the ground the rows should be about eight feet aparb 

 running horrizontally around the slope so as to prevent the hill from 

 washing. For convenience sake it is better to leave alleys 11 feet 

 wide running up and down the hill about every 150 or 200 feet apart, 

 making it easier to tend the grapes, as will be explained farther on. 

 The vines should be planted from six to eight feet apart in the rows, 

 depending upon the strength of the variety. 



VARIETIES, 



The varieties that are planted in the largest amount are the Dela- 

 ware and Concord; but Moore's Early, which is a large dark purple 

 grape, and ripens early, and the Pocklington, a large white grape with 

 a very fine flavor, and a number of other varieties are growing in 

 favor. 



PLANTING. 



In planting, the holes should be dug slanting and from ten to 

 twelve inches in depth and the width of a spade. It is best not 

 to dig very many holes in advance of the planting as they will dry out. 

 The earth in the holes should be well pulverized. 



While planting is going on the vines should be kept where they will 

 not dry out. Young vines one or two years old that have been raised 

 from cuttings in a nursery should be used in planting a vineyard. 



The roots should be trimmed back before planting so that when 

 they are put in the holes they may have their natural position, and it 

 would be better if the hole is deep enough and slants sufficiently to 



