STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 421 



from cuttings, have two sets of roots; let the bottom ones be spread 

 out first, while the others are gathered up and held around the top 

 with one hand, instead of mingling them all together. Fill good soil 

 around and over them, making it somewhat firm; then spread out the 

 upper set of roots and finish filling up the hole with the same kind of 

 soil, taking pains to see that it comes in contact with every root; 

 tramp the whole rather firmly, then draw about two inches of loose 

 dirt over that. When finished but two eyes should remain above the 

 ground. Some people advise deep planting. I would not dig the holes 

 more than ten or twelve inches deep, and then if the top of the vine 

 comes too high above the surface set them slanting enough- to 

 obviate it. 



Treatment the first year. — If both eyes break and throw up canes 

 leave but one to grow the first season, giving preference to the lower 

 unless it is much the weakest. It is a ver}' common practice to allow 

 the vines to grow trailing upon the ground the first season, but it is 

 better to train them upright to lathes or small stakes, but no pinch- 

 ing or summer pruning is to be tolerated more than to remove surplus 

 canes that may start from the base. They will require frequent hoeing 

 and cultivating about the same as corn and no weeds or grass must be al- 

 lowed to grow to rob or smother the plants. At the close of the season 

 after the leaves are fallen, say about November 1st, the vines are to be 

 pruned, which is a very simple operation, consisting of cutting away 

 all of the season's growth from about one inch beyond the first well 

 developed bud above the base from which the cane started. Before 

 extreme cold weather sets in they should receive winter protection, 

 which is best given them by covering with dry evergreen leaves, 

 boughs, straw, cornstalks or earth. 



Treatment the second year. — The first operation after the ojoening 

 of spring, is to remove the winter protection. This year two canes are 

 allowed to grow instead of one, taking the strongest that start, one 

 from base, the other from the opposite side of the spur that was left 

 in pruning. Ail others that start are to be pulled out as soon as these 

 have grown to a length of six or eight inches. These two canes must 

 be tied to stakes which may be- made of any small poles. When they 

 have reached the height of about six feet they may be stopped once 

 by pinching out the end bud (nothing more) and the ends of laterals 

 may be pinched out after one leaf has formed, and if they start again af- 

 ter another good leaf has been formed, may be pinched out again beyond 

 it, but no pinching allowed after August 1st. This practice is to in- 

 sure stocky canes and well developed buds, but it should be borne in 



