234 



ANNUAL REPORT 



These marked and sudden changes, especially of the summer 

 and winter months, are often very trying to trees of various 

 kinds. 



We are indebted to P. F. Lyons, of the United States signal 

 service, for some valuable statistics of observations taken at St. 

 Paul. The normal winter temperature, deduced from sixteen 

 years' observations, is as follows: December, 17.7; January, 11.9; 

 February, 17.7; average, or mean for winter months, 15.8 de- 

 crees. This is practically identical with the winter tempera- 

 ture at Quebec. 



The following table will be found of interest as it exhibits at a 

 glance some of the difficulties to be overcome in raising fruit 

 successfully in Minnesota. For instance, the mean temperature 

 for 1888 was below 40°, accounting for the fact that grapes the 

 present season have ripened badly. 



SUMMER TEMPERATURE. 



Following is a table showing average summer temperature 

 at St. Paul from 1871 to 1888 inclusive, to which is appended the 

 normal summer temperature. The deductions are made from 

 the means for June, July and August of each year. 



Sums 1248.7 



Normal 69.4 



Note. — Just before going to press Mr. Lyons gives us the mean temperature 

 for mnter of 1888-9 as follows: 



Mean temperature, as deduced from maximum and minimum temperature, 

 December, 1888, 24.9; January, 1889, 20.2; February, 1889, 10.2; average, 18.4. 



