HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 303 



a good theory is the first step in a successful practice. The suc- 

 cessful horticulturist of the future will be the man who "pro- 

 gresses with science and practices with prudence." 



The following paper was read by Mrs. Campbell: 

 ETHICS OF HORTICULTURE. 

 By Mrs. V. H. Campbell, Evansville, Wis. 



"As a man thinketh so is he," may well be supplemented by 

 the expression, as a man worketh so is he. It is an incontrovert- 

 ible fact that the nature of a man's business vitally affects his 

 character on both its moral and intellectual sides, and it does not 

 require close scrutiny or a deep insight of character to deter- 

 mine a man's occupation by his personal aj^pearance. Labor in 

 one channel for successive years has the effect to change not 

 only muscle but bone, so that in time the very features have as- 

 sumed a difference of expression. We can readily discern a man 

 who tills the soil, and so it is in the various professions, each 

 man's face bearing witness of his occupation. 



When man, through the exertion necessary to applied effort, 

 has become self-sustaining, he has climbed the first round of the 

 ladder of individual existence — has become an important factor 

 in the industries of the world. 



The primal man — possessing only the most limited mental 

 outreach, feeling but the promptings of physical needs, — was 

 stimulated to only a sufficient amount of exertion necessary to 

 provide for those demands, viz., food and shelter. As his ideas 

 of each were very crude, his efforts to obtain them were slug- 

 gish and limited and were only stimulated by immediate de- 

 mand, consequently he manifested little or no desire to provide 

 for future emergencies. But after a period of slow evolution, 

 the inner man was developed to a degree that the needs of 

 the individual were largely multiplied. Especially would this 

 be the case if he dwelt in a climate sufficiently rigorous to give 

 him brain stimulus; if it was too rigorous he would remain en- 

 ervated and sluggish as in the other extreme. As his wants be- 

 came multiplied new appliances for obtaining those necessities 

 became necessary, and his hands, directed by his crude ideas, 



