HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 345 



wood underneath. This new cambium layer may be no thicker 

 than writing paper, but it is there and it proves that a struggle 

 is going on in that tree as in all trees, and all living things be- 

 tween life and death — life seeking to build up and death seeking 

 to destroy. In this particular case the scale seems so evenly 

 balanced between these two opposites that it is not at all strange 

 that such trees die from sun-scald or other trivial cause, not 

 likely to affect a sound, healthy tree. 



We have heard about tempering the wind to the shorn lamb. 

 We can certainly temper the winds and the heat of the sun to 

 some extent by tree plantations. Now, if we can leave the fleece 

 on the lamb (the cambium layer is the fleece) by not allowing 

 our trees to overbear, and by the liberal application of manure 

 to bearing trees, and by supplying just the kind and amount of 

 shade needed, then certainly we deserve success. 



DISCUSSION. 



Mr. Barrett said there was an orchard near Brown^s valley 

 that was in good condition, although in the hands of a careless 

 farmer. The trees were located near the lake and there was pro- 

 tection afforded by timber. 



Mr. Dartt. Trees in our section generally, wherever southern 

 protection is afforded, are doing much better than those a little 

 removed from that protection. I have several instances in mind 

 where this rule holds good ; there are Wealthy trees of consider- 

 able size that have stood quite well and have produced good crops 

 of apples. They are in the kind of location I have described, 

 having a southern protection, with considerable of a slope on the 

 northern side. They are in what we call in Minnesota a favora- 

 ble location. This southern protection is a subject worthy of 

 consideration. ^ 



Mr. Frankland. I have been somewhat interested in this sub- 

 ject lately and more perhaps in the paper just read than any other, 

 as it seems to apply to my circumstances. However, I want 

 some explanation as to the conclusions arrived at, from the prac- 

 tical experiments Mr. Dartt has made. It seems to me rather 

 anomalous that trees nearest a southern protection are prevented 

 from dying with frost; I would think the northern trees would 

 be in the most danger. The west and northwest being protected, 

 as I understand, it preserves them; whereas I should think the 

 north breezes from Manitoba would come down and scorch the 

 Vol. IV— 44. 



