90 THE Microscope. 
P'A HHO OGY 7 
Tue “ Worm” or tHE Human Brioopv.t—In 1866 Wucherer, of 
Brazil, discovered in chylous urine, and later in the urine of a patient 
suffering from hematuria, several embryos of a nematode,—to which 
Lewis, of Calcutta, who found the same organism in the blood of a 
native boy, in 1872 gave the name Filaria sanguinis hominis. Cob- 
bold found them in great numbers in the urine of a case of “ Bithar- 
zia,’—and in 1874 Sonsiné of Cairo, found the living “worms” in 
the blood and urine of a boy suffering from hematuria. The same 
nematode has been found in the exudate of ‘“‘ craw-craw”—a skin 
disease common to South African negroes,—and in various condi- 
tions affecting the system. According to Manson the worm has its 
_ chosen habitat in the lymphatics, traverses readily the gland tissue 
until the thoracic duct is reached, when it enters the circulation. 
His theory is that the larvee of these parasites are withdrawn from 
the blood by the mosquito or sand-fly, and by them deposited in 
water, in which they partially develop, are then drank, still further 
develop in the stomach, and finally enter the lymphatics, where they 
attain maturity. 
MrcroscopicaL CuanGes 1x PerrroneaL ADHESIONS. {—Graser finds 
from his investigations on this subject in animals, that in many cases 
adhesion takes place direct between the endothelium of the two peri- 
toneal surfaces, without the intervention of other elements, or a layer 
of fluid between the two. In a second method of adhesion, and the 
most frequent, the endothelium is destroyed on one or both sides,— 
the subendothelial layer taking the active part. In a third class, 
where the peritoneal surfaces are not in apposition, an exudate usu- 
ally appears between the layers. This consists either of a granular 
mass of fibrin, or of fibrine containing wandering cells. The endothe- 
lium in these cases swells up and finally disappears, or it prolifor- 
ates, penetrates widely into the exudate, and assumes a cuboidal 
form. The adhesion is produced by spindle-shaped elements, which 
penetrate from the surrounding parts, where the space between the 
layers is considerable, or the exudation is large, and these spindle- 
cells are not sufficient to unite the two surfaces, adhesion is produced 
by the formation of new blood-vessels. 
*Under this heading will he included all Abstracts relating to the Histology 
of Diseased Tissues, both Animal and Vegetable. 
+ Annals of Surgery, 1888. 
+ Fortschritte der Medicine, November 1, 1838. 
