THE MICROSCOPE. 115 
this genus, was of a reddish color, while in most specimens the body 
is chocolate brown. The brood-sacs of the adults thus affected were 
invariably found empty of young, and the ovaries had degenerated 
into an amorphous mass, in which the ova were not recognizable. In 
the brood-sacs small packets of pink colored ova were found, which 
gave rise to the reddish color as seen through the body walls. Young 
Crustaceans, free from the packet of ova, were also found in great 
numbers in the brood-sacs, These were found to belong to the 
Copepoda. Fewkes supposes that the parent Crustacean made her 
way through the genital slits of the Echinoderm into the brood-saes, 
and there spayed the Amphiura, leaving packets of her own ova in 
the sacs to be developed. 
BiOrrA NY.“ 
Mertuop or Bupprna in THE Yeast Pranr.t—Budding in the 
yeast plant cell consists in a stretching out or bulging of the outer 
membrane of the cell-wall. As soon as a small por- 
ip ENS tion of the lining membrane of the cell contents finds 
ES Se ite way into the diverticulum, then the outer coat, 
by its own elasticity, closes around the protruded 
Pr aN portion, and causes it to assume the form of a globule, 
F ecm havi ? 
~\ having only a very narrow channel of . communi- 
i =N cation with the parent protoplasmic mass. 
(> SS 
BactertoLogy or Sxow.{-—While the bacteriology of ice and 
hailstones has been studied with considerable success by Drs. Friin- 
kel, Bischoff, Mitchell Prudden, Pumpley, Hills, Stoben, A. V. Poehl, 
Bordone-Ufreduzzi, Bujwid, etc., that of snow has been up to the pres- 
ent almost wholly neglected. _Hven in Russia the subject has been 
touched only in a cursory way by Prof. A. V. Poehl in a paper on 
“The Water-supply of St. Petersburg,” in the Vratch, Nos. 8 and 9, 
1884, p. 119. In it he points out: 1, that snow always contains 
viable microbes liquefying gelatine; 2, that, when snow falls, the 
first portions invariably contain greater numbers of bacteria than 
the subsequent ones (for example, 8324 per 1 cubic centimetre of 
snow-water against 3380 several hours later); 3, that, when snow lies 
on the ground, the superficial layers become richer in microbes (for 
* Under this heading will be included all Abstracts relating to the various 
departments of Botany. 
+ Journal of Microscopy, Jan. 1889, page 13. 
+ British Medical Journal, December 15, 1888.—Medical News, January, 1886. 
