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Vou. IX. DETROIT, AUGUST, 1889. No. 8. 
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. 
THE LEAVES OF CATALPA AND PAULOWNIA. 
DR. ALFRED C. STOKES. 
O BE able to recognize the trees and to call each by its 
name as it stands, leafless and apparently dead, by the 
roadside or in the sombre forest, is a task that demands a wonderful 
amount of previous observation and careful study. Although the 
branches and the spray may be never so sharply defined against the 
sky ; although the tree may be a familiar acquaintence when in leaf, 
in flower, or in fruit, only let it stand with its twigs and branches 
, naked to the wintry winds, and he is an observing student who can 
call it by its name. Yet the skeleton tree of the winter is as char- 
acteristic as the same tree when clothed in all the greenery of its 
summer foliage. And how many among us amateur botanists can look 
even at that summer leafage and salute the tree by its proper title ? 
We may, perhaps, be on familiar terms with the carices, although 
that is a little doubtful, or we may know even the asters and the 
wild roses, yet the trees are often strangers tous. With the ex- . 
ception of a very few whose stems may be characteristic, like those 
of the birch or the sycamore, or whose method of growth may be 
distinctive, as that of the weeping willow, the others shield us from 
the sun and the wind, while we habitually ignore them. 
The power of observation does not seem to be great in the 
average human being. To cultivate the little which each of us pos- 
sesses demands care and attention. I have recently been much amused 
in this connection and atmy own expense. I traveled southward a 
thousand miles to see a cypress tree with the curious “knees” that 
