82 111! "KI<.I\ OF MOUNTAINS. 



The journey from the Lake District to the Eastern Counties 

 brings with H of fche present; we return as it were from the 



now in action, and in reality as much as in 

 thought. For in crossing the country to Norfolk we pass over the 

 principal geological formations in ascending order. And if we hut 

 keep OB 11. the varying features of the country are seen to be 



in accordance with the changing rock structure that is now and again 

 exhibited in fche cuttings through which we pass. 



Travelling by the London and North-Western Railway from 

 Keswick and Penrith to Tebay and Ingleton, we pass through a grand 

 country of hills and mountains, and of rapid streams, whose beds are 

 strewn with boulders, s >me no doubt formed by the rush of waters, 

 others derived from the boulder clay which here and there mantles 

 Lder rocks. How glorious is the country between Tebay and 

 I !i. mostly in Westmoreland ! The long range of Carboniferous 



rocks forming the Pennine chain lies to the east, the more diver- 

 sified eminences of Silurian and older rocks occur on the west. 



At Ingleton we come upon the limestone rocks of the Carboniferous 

 age, (the Mountain or scar limestone,) and we can trace it by the bare 

 scarped faces seen here and there, first on one side of the railway and 

 then on the other. Higher rocks of the Carboniferous group cap 

 Ingleboro", which is an outlier of tolerably even stratification. Then by 

 and Skiptonto Leeds, on the .Midland Railway, we pass through 

 the Yorkshire dales composed of these same rocks, some of which, 

 in the Millstone grit and Coal Measures, yield famous building and 

 paving stones, which have been used all over the country. One is 

 struck with the numerous large towns, many little known to residents 

 in the Eastern Counties, centres of manufacturing or mining industry, 

 all well built of stone. 



At Leeds we are on the true Coal Measures, a group of shales, 

 building stones, and seams of coal. A very grimy district it is, 

 though once a beautiful country of well-wooded vales, now the 

 prey to smoke from the numerous engines and blast furnaces. 

 We may note many quarries and cuttings in the grit rocks, and 

 we may discern, too, many acoal-seam exposed in the railway cuttings. 

 Such seams it would not pay to work at the surface, partly on account 

 • amount of waste material to be removed, partly because 

 coal is apt to deteriorate near fche surface. 



close upon Derby we pass over the Coal Measures, and 

 then enter upon the open vale of New Red Rocks, a low-lying 

 undulating tract of pasture land. Near Syston, these Red Rocks 

 contain masses of gypsum. We have left the country of stone walls, 

 and have oome into that of hedges, while bricks and tiles as a rule 

 tee and slates of the buildings. 



From Leicester to Melton Mowbray we cross the Rkcetic Beds and 

 I the former Been near Barrow-on-Soar, where also the nodular 



•>f the Lias are worked for cem 



