ANCIENT INHABITANTS OK THE COTSWOLD HILLS. 105 



this race was obtained from a skeleton in Cubberley, near Cheltenham; 

 and another skull of the same race in Chalcombe parish, near Bath. 2. — 

 The athletic, long-headed race of the round-stone tumuli, with central 

 cist, containing one or many skeletons, as the tumulus on dry heath- 

 held, Leckhampton, Foxcote, and the waste, near Cheltenham ; flint 

 flakes and split leg bones being the only things found in them. 3. — The 

 long, heart-shaped barrows, containing the remains of a long-headed, 

 small race of men, placed in chambers in the left side of the barrow. 

 The right-hand chamber at Belas Knapp and Rodmarton did not 

 contain human remains. If the barrow at Caithness is a true repre- 

 sentation of the horned barrows, the long barrows of the Cotswolds 

 cannot be arranged with it, for most of the chambered barrows on the 

 Cotswolds are heart-shaped, with an altar or dolmen at the larger end, 

 and often having a small cist of the larger preceding race at the small 

 end. r See " Fergusson's Rude Stone Monuments."] The leaf flints of the 

 long, heart-shaped barrows are beautiful microscopic representations 

 of the Paheolithic river-bed flints ; the dry wallings of some of the 

 barrows are so well constructed that you cannot resist the inference 

 that this race was raised far above savages. No metals have been 

 discovered in the burial places of the above-named races. 4. — The 

 round-stone tumuli, with dressed stone central cists, containing burnt 

 bones, cinerary urns, and bronze. These races may have constructed 

 Avebury, Stonehenge, and all the rude stona monuments, and Stanton 

 Drew, although a much later date is given for these structures by 

 Fergusson. The regularly constructed earthern tumuli of Wilts and 

 Dorset also belong to this race. 



The races who first opposed the Romans were civilised, acquainted 

 with the use of metals, used chariots in war, and cultivated corn. 

 [See " Caesar's Commentaries.'^ 



In the neighbourhood of the Cotswolds the most ancient names are 

 Gaelic, next Cymric, then Roman, and lastly Saxon, &c. In the names 

 of places or objects there are no traces of Iberian names. 



Men living in caves is only an accident, wherever caves exist, as in 

 mountain limestone districts as the Forest of Dean, Gower, and 

 Wookey, a hollow in the limestone of the Mendip Hills, a Celtic word, 

 or Welsh, meaning a cavern-house. Many caves in such localities, 

 with short entrances, possess indications of human occupation. But 

 the aboriginal races were not restricted to such localities, but spread 

 generally over fertile and open spots as the Cotswolds, therefore it is 

 not contrary to what might be expected that traces of the same races 

 as the cave men are found on the Cotswolds where few caves exist. 



The object of such structures at Avebury, Stonehenge, and 

 Stanton Drew is still unascertained. They may be the sites of battles, 

 sepulchres, and very modern erections, as suggested in Fergusson's 

 work ; or orreries, and places for Sabean worship. A person standing 

 on the altar-stone, at Stonehenge, in the longest day, will find that the 

 sun rises directly over the friar's nose ; and another stone, from the 



