284 ANNUAL REPORT 



sound. It from the sun they are universally found dying or dead. 

 All through the groves and thickets where they protect each other 

 from the steady direct rays of the sun from 9 a. m. until 4 p. m. 

 they are found perfectly sound, no matter how much they may be 

 found leaning from the sun. By no means is it necessary to have 

 their trunks entirely shaded to prevent this injury. Anything that 

 will partially shade the stems will effectually disarm the evil 

 effect of the sun. A limb or bush placed on the sunny side will 

 entirely protect from this evil. It is the steady continuous rays of 

 the sun for two or three hours that puts its dead marks on very 

 many varieties of both fruit and forest trees. I have found it im- 

 possible to grow any variety of the apple tree, with a high trunk 

 and no protection, except it be grown to the sun. I have grown 

 them with high tops, with low tops, and with leaning trunks. 

 High tops should always be avoided in the northwest, as such pave 

 the way for long years of watchfulness and care, to keep such a 

 tree constantly protected. All trees leaning fairly to the sun are 

 self protected, and if so kept till the trees are thoroughly estab- 

 lished, will cease their inclination to grow off to the northeast 

 Trees branching low and properly trained are self-protecting; but 

 rabbits and mice, to say nothing of sheep and calves, are always 

 constant foes to the low headed apple tree. Then head your apple 

 trees three or four feet high, set the main branches towards half- 

 past one o'clock, keep all branches off from the northeast side till 

 the tree has borne three seasons, and then the tree will cease to 

 stray to the northeast, and will build itself up in the way it should 

 go- 



EEPOKTOF THE COMMITTEE ON FINAL EESOLUTIONS 



Resolved, That the thanks of the members of the State Horticultural Society 

 are tendered to the St. Paul and Minneapolis Passenger Association for their 

 generous treatment of our members in the reduction of fares to and from the 

 place of our annual meeting by said association, representing the following 

 lines of road, viz.: The Chicaero, Milwaukee & St. Paul; the Chicago, St. Paul, 

 Minneapolis & Omaha; The Chicago, Burlington & Northern and The Chicago, 

 St. Paul & Kansas City; The Minneapolis & St. Louis; The St. Paul, Minnea- 

 polis & Manitoba; The Northern Pacific; The Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault 

 Ste. Marie; The Minneapolis, St. Paul & Duluth and the Eastern Railway 

 of Minnesota. 



Resolved, That our most hearty thanks are due to the good people of Ex- 

 celsior for their wise forethought in arranging for our meeting here, and in 

 anticipating our needs, and in providing for our comfort during our stay here 

 among them. 



Resolved, That our thanks are also due the committee who watched the 

 arrival of trains, received and conducted our members to pleasant homes (for 

 it was the time of keeping open house) and made us feel that our presence was 

 needed to complete the family circle. 



